Lipid Standards

Itaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Itaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors. Itaconic acid has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory effect.

Dopamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dopamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis.

Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

Kaempferol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kaempferol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer.

Estrone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Estrone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Estrone (E1) is a natural estrogenic hormone. Estrone is the main representative of the endogenous estrogens and is produced by several tissues, especially adipose tissue. Estrone is the result of the process of aromatization of androstenedione that occurs in fat cells.

Docosahexaenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Docosahexaenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk. In Vitro: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for the growth and functional development of the brain in infants. DHA is also required for maintenance of normal brain function in adults. The inclusion of plentiful DHA in the diet improves learning ability and memory. DHA is an essential requirement in every step of brain development like neural cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis. The multiple double bonds and unique structure allow DHA to impart special membrane characteristics for effective cell signaling. Many development disorders like dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia etc. are causally related to decreased level of DHA. DHA is a potent RXR ligand inducing robust RXR activation already at low micro molar concentrations. The EC₅₀ for RXRα activation by DHA is about 5-10 μM fatty acid. In Vivo: Docosahexaenoic acid administration over 10 weeks significantly reduces the number of reference memory errors, without affecting the number of working memory errors, and significantly increases the docosahexaenoic acid content and the docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. DHA treatment exerts neuroprotective actions on an experimental mouse model of PD. There is a decrease tendency in brain lipid oxidation of MPTP mice but it does not significantly.

Fulvestrant (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fulvestrant. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC₅₀ of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Arachidonic acid (HY-109590). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes.

Corticosterone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Corticosterone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect.

Ergosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ergosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Lithocholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lithocholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist.

Lovastatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lovastatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.

Cholic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cholic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Cholic acid is orally active.

Daidzein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daidzein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daidzein is a soy isoflavone, which acts as a PPAR activator.

Glutathione oxidized (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glutathione oxidized. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glutathione oxidized (L-Glutathione oxidized) is produced by the oxidation of glutathione. Detoxification of reactive oxygen species is accompanied by production of glutathione oxidized. Glutathione oxidized can be used for the research of sickle cells and erythrocytes.

L-Isoleucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Isoleucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro.

Ursolic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ursolic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ursolic acid (Prunol) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts anti-tumor effects and is an effective compound for cancer prevention and therapy.

Protoporphyrin IX (Standard) is the analytical standard of Protoporphyrin IX. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Protoporphyrin IX is a final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which acts as a radiation sensitizer enhancing ROS generation even in a hypoxic state and inducing DNA damage. Protoporphyrin IX also acts as a photo sensitizer undergoing photobleaching that occurs through direct degradation by light irradiation. Protoporphyrin IX is formed and accumulated following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (HY-W000450) administration in the tumor cells of rats. Protoporphyrin IX causes selective improvement of basal cell carcinoma when activated red fluorescence of a peak wavelength at 405 nm. Protoporphyrin IX is promising for research of sonodynamic and photodynamic agents for a wide range of cancers, such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma.

Pravastatin (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pravastatin (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pravastatin sodium (CS-514 sodium) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor against sterol synthesis with IC₅₀ of 5.6 μM.

Methylprednisolone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylprednisolone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylprednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. Methylprednisolone improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels.