Aprotinin
Based on 37 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 96.58%
- CAS No.: 9087-70-1
- Formula: C284H432N84O79S7
- Molecular Weight:6511.44
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Aprotinin
More- Nature. 2024 Aug;632(8025):686-694. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2024 Aug;632(8026):930-937. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2025 Nov 26;188(24):6861-6872.e14. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 Jul 7;38(7):1367-1384.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2025 May;35(5):385-388. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2025 Mar;35(3):165-185. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2026 Jul 14.
- Cell Stem Cell. 2026 Aug 6;33(8):1363-1378.e9.
- Autophagy. 2024 Oct;20(10):2221-2237. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 16;16(1):6551. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 2;16(1):3153. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 11;16(1):2412. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 12;15(1):5039. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 26;14(1):4487. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 May 2;14(1):2523. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2026 Jan 30;12(5):eadz8234. [Abstract]
- Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2026 Jul 21.
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Dec 2;122(48):e2506722122. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Jul 26;119(30):e2208211119. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2025 Dec 29;227:118193.
- Cell Rep. 2025 Jan 15;44(1):115219. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 27;43(4):114002. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Nov 2;37(5):109931. [Abstract]
- Int J Oncol. 2019 Jul;55(1):331-339. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jul:237:116955. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017 Dec 1;313(6):C632-C643. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 May 6;15(1):15762. [Abstract]
- Structure. 2025 Dec 4;33(12):2049-2057.e5. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2023 May 31;97(5):e0032423. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2025 Jun;1870(5):159618. [Abstract]
- STAR Protoc. 2025 Jul 18;6(3):103963. [Abstract]
- STAR Protoc. 2023 Jun 28;4(3):102371. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jul 10:2026.07.06.736331.
- Vita. 2026 Apr 7.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 20.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 14.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Nov 5.
Customer Validation & Images
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
Ki: 0.06 pM (Trypsin), 9 nM (Chymotrypsin)[1]
In Vitro
Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung, is a complex protease inhibitor that is an antifibrinolytic, inhibits contact activation, and decreases the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass[2]. Aprotinin inhibits trypsin (bovine, Ki= 0.06 pM), chymotrypsin (bovine, Ki= 9 nM), plasmin (human, 0.23 nM)[1]. Aprotinin is also a competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity. It inhibits NOS-I and NOS-II with Ki values of 50 μM and 78 μM, respectively[3]. Aprotinin significantly inhibits fibrinolysis with an IC50 of 0.16±0.05 μM[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. .
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 9087-70-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 6511.44
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Formula C284H432N84O79S7
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
O=C(N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(NCC(NCC(N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)NC3=O)C(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N4[C@@H](CCC4)C(N5[C@@H](CCC5)C(N[C@@H](CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)C(N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(NCC(N7[C@@H](CCC7)C(N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](CO)C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(N[C@H]9CC(O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)NC%10=O)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@@H](CC%11=CC=C(C=C%11)O)C(N[C@@H](CC%12=CC=CC=C%12)C(N[C@@H](CC%13=CC=C(C=C%13)O)C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(N[C@@H](C)C(NCC(N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N[C@H]3[C@H](O)C)=O)=O)=O)NC9=O)C(N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(N[C@@H](CC%14=CC=CC=C%14)C(N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(N[C@@H](CC%15=CC=C(C=C%15)O)C(NCC(NC%10)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)N
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Sequence
Arg-Pro-Asp-Phe-Cys-Leu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Thr-Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys-Ala-Arg-Ile-Ile-Arg-Tyr-Phe-Tyr-Asn-Ala-Lys-Ala-Gly-Leu-Cys-Gln-Thr-Phe-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Cys-Arg-Ala-Lys-Arg-Asn-Asn-Phe-Lys-Ser-Ala-Glu-Asp-Cys-Met-Arg-Thr-Cys-Gly-Gly-Ala(Disulfide bridge: Cys5-Cys55,Cys14-Cys38,Cys30-Cys51)
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Sequence Shortening
RPDFCLEPPYTGPCKARIIRYFYNAKAGLCQTFVYGGCRAKRNNFKSAEDCMRTCGGA(Disulfide bridge: Cys5-Cys55,Cys14-Cys38,Cys30-Cys51)
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
Bovine lung
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications (37)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2024 Aug;632(8025):686-694. PMID: 39112701 -
Nature
2024 Aug;632(8026):930-937. PMID: 39085602 -
Cell
2025 Nov 26;188(24):6861-6872.e14. PMID: 41138730 -
Cell Metab
Hepatocyte-to-intestinal stem cell remote communication regulates blood glucose homeostasis. [Abstract]2026 Jul 7;38(7):1367-1384.e9. PMID: 42309059 -
Cell Res
Structural basis of augmenting taurine uptake by the taurine transporter in alleviating cellular senescence. [Abstract]2025 May;35(5):385-388. PMID: 40108449 -
Cell Res
2025 Mar;35(3):165-185. PMID: 39875551 -
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Autophagy
PLK2-mediated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 S349 promotes aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins upon proteasomal dysfunction. [Abstract]2024 Oct;20(10):2221-2237. PMID: 39316746 -
Nat Commun
2025 Jul 16;16(1):6551. PMID: 40670375 -
Nat Commun
Molecular insights into the α6β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function and ligand recognition. [Abstract]2025 Apr 2;16(1):3153. PMID: 40175361 -
Nat Commun
2025 Mar 11;16(1):2412. PMID: 40069141 -
Nat Commun
2024 Jun 12;15(1):5039. PMID: 38866775 -
Nat Commun
Architecture and autoinhibitory mechanism of the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 in Arabidopsis. [Abstract]2023 Jul 26;14(1):4487. PMID: 37495621 -
Nat Commun
Reduced hepatic bradykinin degradation accounts for cold-induced BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning in male mice. [Abstract]2023 May 2;14(1):2523. PMID: 37130842 -
Sci Adv
Structural insight into the glucose-6-phosphate transport by G6PT1 and inhibition mechanism of CGA. [Abstract]2026 Jan 30;12(5):eadz8234. PMID: 41616054 -
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2025 Dec 2;122(48):e2506722122. PMID: 41284875 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Structural basis for high-voltage activation and subtype-specific inhibition of human Nav1.8. [Abstract]2022 Jul 26;119(30):e2208211119. PMID: 35858452 -
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Cell Rep
Menin orchestrates macrophage reprogramming to maintain the pulmonary immune homeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 15;44(1):115219. PMID: 39817905 -
Cell Rep
Endocytic activation and exosomal secretion of matriptase stimulate the second wave of EGF signaling to promote skin and breast cancer invasion. [Abstract]2024 Mar 27;43(4):114002. PMID: 38547126
Aprotinin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2024 Mar 27;43(4):114002. [Abstract]
A431 cells were treated with EGF (10 ng/mL) together with Aprotinin (2 μM) for 1 h. Proteins were detected by western blots.
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Cell Rep
2021 Nov 2;37(5):109931. PMID: 34731621 -
Int J Oncol
Metformin induces TPC-1 cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2019 Jul;55(1):331-339. PMID: 31180536 -
Biochem Pharmacol
GSNO induced mitochondrial Cx43 nitrosylation in cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse ES cells in vitro. [Abstract]2025 Jul:237:116955. PMID: 40280246 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
(Pro)renin receptor mediates albumin-induced cellular responses: role of site-1 protease-derived soluble (pro)renin receptor in renal epithelial cells. [Abstract]2017 Dec 1;313(6):C632-C643. PMID: 28903918
Aprotinin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017 Dec 1;313(6):C632-C643. [Abstract]
Effects of protease inhibitor PIC, a serine protease inhibitor AEBSF and trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors Aprotinin (Aprot, 0.1 mM) on PRR cleavage induced by BSA in HK-2 cells.
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Sci Rep
Pharmacological alternatives to oxytetracycline as potential treatment of flexural limb deformities in foals: a preliminary in vitro cell viability and proliferation study. [Abstract]2025 May 6;15(1):15762. PMID: 40328831 -
Structure
2025 Dec 4;33(12):2049-2057.e5. PMID: 40914153 -
J Virol
Identification of Embryonic Chicken Proteases Activating Newcastle Disease Virus and Their Roles in the Pathogenicity of Virus Used as In Ovo Vaccine. [Abstract]2023 May 31;97(5):e0032423. PMID: 37042750 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
2025 Jun;1870(5):159618. PMID: 40294697 -
STAR Protoc
Protocol for reconstituting enzymatic activities for ultra-large histone methyltransferases NSD1 and SETD2 using a baculovirus expression system. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18;6(3):103963. PMID: 40684435 -
STAR Protoc
2023 Jun 28;4(3):102371. PMID: 37384522 -
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Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
H2O : 100 mg/mL (15.36 mM; Need ultrasonic)
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (7.68 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (313 KB)
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SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Korean - KR (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62. [Content Brief]
[2]. Fritz H, et al. Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(4):479-94. [Content Brief]
[4]. Venturini G, et al. Aprotinin, the first competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 10;249(1):263-5 [Content Brief]
[5]. Sperzel M, et al. Evaluation of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in different in vitro and in vivo models of fibrinolysis, coagulation and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;5(10):2113-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31. [Content Brief]
[6]. Davis R, et al. Aprotinin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in reducing blood loss associated withcardiac surgery. Drugs. 1995 Jun;49(6):954-83. [Content Brief]
[7]. Sabbagh MJ, et al. Aprotinin exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;52(4):355-62. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 0.1536 mL | 0.7679 mL | 1.5358 mL | 3.8394 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0307 mL | 0.1536 mL | 0.3072 mL | 0.7679 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0154 mL | 0.0768 mL | 0.1536 mL | 0.3839 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0102 mL | 0.0512 mL | 0.1024 mL | 0.2560 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Aprotinin Related Classifications
HY-P0017 Related Classifications
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