Euphorbia milii Des Moul.

Euphominoid E is an ent-rosane diterpenoid found in the stems of Euphorbia neriifolia and the aerial parts of Euphorbia milii, acting as an inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA lytic replication. Euphominoid E blocks EBV lytic replication. Euphominoid E can be used for research on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic replication.

Milliamine C is a diterpenoid ester of the euphane type that inhibits the specific binding of phorbol-12,13-dipropionate to mouse epidermal particulate fractions and induces skin irritation, but exhibits very weak or undetectable tumor-promoting activity. Milliamine C can be used in studies related to skin tumor promotion.

Euphominoid C is a competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 52.50 μM) and a mixed-type β-glucuronidase inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 45.87 μM). Euphominoid C exhibits reversible binding modes against both enzymes. Euphominoid C can be used for the research of diabetes.

Euphominoid B is a rosane-type diterpenoid that can be found in Euphorbia milii. Euphominoid B exhibits a chemical structure characterized by a rosane skeleton.

Euphominoid A is a diterpenoid from Euphorbia milii and an EBV lytic replication inhibitor with low cytotoxicity against host cells. Euphominoid A inhibits EBV lytic replication in P3HR-1 cells. Euphominoid A can be used for the research of EBV infection.

Milliamine D is a diterpenoid toxin of the ingenol ester class containing an anthraniloyl tripeptide, existing in the free base form and exhibiting molluscicidal activity. Milliamine D can be used in the study of schistosomiasis.

Euphominoid P is a regular rosane-type diterpenoid compound that exists in the whole plant of Euphorbia milii. Euphominoid P exhibits structural diversity within the rosane class.

3,5-Di-O-galloylshikimic acid is a naturally derived phenolic acid compound with potential antiviral and hepatoprotective activities. 3,5-Di-O-galloylshikimic acid inhibits HIV replication, inactivates HIV viral particles and blocks virus-cell interactions. 3,5-Di-O-galloylshikimic acid has the potential to bind simultaneously to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and human ACE2 receptor. 3,5-Di-O-galloylshikimic acid can be used in studies related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and acute liver injury.