Polygala japonica Houtt.

Polygalasaponin F is an orally active triterpenoid saponin monomer. Polygalasaponin F downregulates the expression of Bax, p53, caspase-3, NF-κB p65 and MEK1; restores and upregulates the expression of Bcl-2; activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, mitophagy (Mitophagy) and ROS production; enhances cell viability and suppresses apoptosis (Apoptosis). Polygalasaponin F maintains mitochondrial function, alleviates Ca²⁺ overload, upregulates pCREB and BDNF, preserves cell viability and inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines. Polygalasaponin F alleviates lung injury induced by influenza A H1N1 and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Polygalasaponin F is applicable to researches related to Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, pneumonia induced by influenza A H1N1, stroke and Alzheimer's disease.

Skimmin (Umbelliferone glucoside) is a major pharmacologically active and orally active molecule present in Hydrangea paniculata, a medical herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. Skimmin has renal protective activity. Skimmin can improve creatinine clearance, and reduce plasma creatinine, and kidney injuries. Skimmin has good anti-amoebic activity against the HM1:IMMS strain of Entamoeba histolytica. Skimmin has anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities. Skimmin reduces cardiac fibrosis as well as decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, IL1β, and TGFβ1 in cardiac tissues. Skimmin can be studied in research for diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

Polygalasaponin V is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the aerial parts of Polygala japonica. Polygala japonica has been a folk medicine herb used as expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antidepressant agents in the south of China.

Polygalasaponin F (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polygalasaponin F. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polygalasaponin F is an orally active triterpenoid saponin monomer. Polygalasaponin F downregulates the expression of Bax, p53, caspase-3, NF-κB p65 and MEK1; restores and upregulates the expression of Bcl-2; activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, mitophagy (Mitophagy) and ROS production; enhances cell viability and suppresses apoptosis (Apoptosis). Polygalasaponin F maintains mitochondrial function, alleviates Ca²⁺ overload, upregulates pCREB and BDNF, preserves cell viability and inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines. Polygalasaponin F alleviates lung injury induced by influenza A H1N1 and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Polygalasaponin F is applicable to researches related to Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, pneumonia induced by influenza A H1N1, stroke and Alzheimer's disease.

Polygalasaponin XXXII is an orally active cognitive enhancer. Polygalasaponin XXXII promotes the phosphorylation of ERK, CREB, Synapsin I and TrkB. Polygalasaponin XXXII enhances basal synaptic transmission. Polygalasaponin XXXII attenuates Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced cognitive impairment and improves hippocampus-dependent learning and memory abilities. Polygalasaponin XXXII can be used in research related to cognitive dysfunction.

Polygalasaponin XXVIII is a triterpenoid saponin that can be isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt..

Fallaxsaponin A (compound 5) is a natural product isolated from Polygala root.

Polygalasaponin LII is a triterpenoid saponin that ca n be isolated from the roots of Polygala japonica Houtt.

Polygalasaponin XXXV is a natural product.

Polygalasaponin XLIX is a natural product.