2. Signaling Pathways
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  4. Reference Standards

Reference Standards

Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, and the uses include the calibration of a measurement system, assessment of a measurement procedure, assigning values to other materials, and quality control and so on.

Reference Standards Related Products (10971):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W011474R
    Geranylgeraniol (Standard)
    Geranylgeraniol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Geranylgeraniol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Geranylgeraniol is an orally acitve vitamin K2 sub-type, an intermediate of the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeraniol targets NF-kB signaling pathway and could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation in animal model[4].
    Geranylgeraniol (Standard)
  • HY-B0322R
    Sulfamethoxazole (Standard)
    Sulfamethoxazole (Standard) (Ro 4-2130 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Sulfamethoxazole (HY-B0322). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulfamethoxazole (Ro 4-2130) is a sulfonamide antibiotic with a widespread antibacterial activity. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial folate metabolism by competing with 4-Aminobenzoic acid (HY-B1008) (PABA) to act on dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydropteroate reductase. Sulfamethoxazole can be used for the study of urinary tract infections (UTIs), prostatitis, and bronchitis.
    Sulfamethoxazole (Standard)
  • HY-B0964R
    Riboflavin phosphate sodium (Standard)
    Riboflavin phosphate (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Riboflavin phosphate (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN-Na) is a derivative of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) which is an essential nutrient for animals. Riboflavin phosphate sodium can be used for the research of progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism. Riboflavine phosphate sodium is a very effective NAD+-recycling agent.
    Riboflavin phosphate sodium (Standard)
  • HY-B0101R
    Fluconazole (Standard)
    Fluconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluconazole (UK-49858) is a triazole antifungal agent with excellent activities against a broad range of fungi, especially against Candida albicans. Fluconazole inhibits C. albicans and Candida kefyr with IC99s range from 0.20 μg/mL to 0.39 μg/mL.
    Fluconazole (Standard)
  • HY-13016R
    Cabozantinib (Standard)
    Cabozantinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cabozantinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cabozantinib is a potent and orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2 and MET, with IC50 values of 0.035, and 1.3 nM, respectively. Cabozantinib displays strong inhibition of KIT, RET, AXL, TIE2, and FLT3 (IC50=4.6, 5.2, 7, 14.3, and 11.3 nM, respectively). Cabozantinib shows antiangiogenic activity. Cabozantinib disrupts tumor vasculature and promotes tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis.
    Cabozantinib (Standard)
  • HY-B0769R
    Phenylephrine (Standard)
    Phenylephrine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenylephrine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (R)-(-)-Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist primarily used as a decongestant.
    Phenylephrine (Standard)
  • HY-W012980R
    Isovaleric acid (Standard)
    Isovaleric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isovaleric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isovaleric acid is an oral active short-chain fatty acid that inhibits osteoclast differentiation by stimulating AMPK phosphorylation and promotes colonic smooth muscle relaxation by activating the cAMP/PKA pathway. Isovaleric acid can be used in research on skeletal diseases (such as osteoporosis) and intestinal disorders.
    Isovaleric acid (Standard)
  • HY-B1829AR
    Dexamethasone phosphate disodium (Standard)
    Dexamethasone phosphate (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate) disodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dexamethasone phosphate disodium (HY-B1829A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dexamethasone phosphate (Dexamethasone 21-phosphate) disodium is a prodrug form of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone phosphate disodium is produced by introducing a phosphate ester group at the 21-position of the Dexamethasone molecule, forming a salt with sodium ions, thereby significantly improving water solubility. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced degradation of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4, and blocks LPS-induced activation of TRAF6, p-TAK1 and p-JNK. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium inhibits the secretion of RANTES, TGF-β1 and NO, promotes the production of MIP-1α and IL-10, and blocks microglial migration. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium is almost completely converted to Dexamethasone in rat blood, and supports transdermal delivery via iontophoresis. Dexamethasone phosphate disodium can be used in research related to steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis, chemotherapy-induced vomiting, allergic asthma and acute colitis (inflammatory bowel disease).
    Dexamethasone phosphate disodium (Standard)
  • HY-N0708R
    Vanillic acid (Standard)
    Vanillic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vanillic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vanillic acid is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits, also found in Angelica sinensis. Vanillic acid inhibits NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemopreventive effects.
    Vanillic acid (Standard)
  • HY-B1218R
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard)
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sulfaphenazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion.
    Sulfaphenazole (Standard)
  • HY-W010452R
    3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (Standard)
    3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (β-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.
    3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (Standard)
  • HY-B0113R
    Omeprazole (Standard)
    Omeprazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Omeprazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Omeprazole (H 16868) is an orally active H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor and a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole competitively inhibits CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9 activity. Omeprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion and can be used for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Omeprazole inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, autophagosome accumulation (elevated LC3-I and LC3-II levels), oxidative stress, and cytogenetic imbalance, modulates lysosomal transport, reduces inflammatory cytokines. Omeprazole alters small intestinal morphology and magnesium absorption, and induces gastric mucosa morphologic changes. Omeprazole aslo has neuroprotective and antibacterial effects.
    Omeprazole (Standard)
  • HY-B1779R
    Sucrose (Standard)
    Sucrose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sucrose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a disaccharide which is composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. Sucrose?can be applied in some animal models, including metabolic disease, obesity,?diet on preference,?and diabetes, et al.
    Sucrose (Standard)
  • HY-14299AR
    Indacaterol maleate (Standard)
    Indacaterol (maleate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indacaterol (maleate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indacaterol maleate (QAB149) is an orally active ultra-long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) agonist. Indacaterol maleate inhibits NF-κB activity in a β-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder). Indacaterol maleate can also be used in cardiovascular disease research.
    Indacaterol maleate (Standard)
  • HY-13765R
    6-Thioguanine (Standard)
    6-Thioguanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Thioguanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Thioguanine (Thioguanine; 2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent, acts as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) and also potently inhibits USP2 activity, with IC50s of 25 μM and 40 μM for Plpros and recombinant human USP2, respectively.
    6-Thioguanine (Standard)
  • HY-B0132R
    Norfloxacin (Standard)
    Norfloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Norfloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Norfloxacin (MK-0366) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
    Norfloxacin (Standard)
  • HY-10455R
    Carfilzomib (Standard)
    Carfilzomib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carfilzomib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.
    Carfilzomib (Standard)
  • HY-14881R
    Bedaquiline (Standard)
    Bedaquiline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bedaquiline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bedaquiline (TMC207) is a diarylquinoline agent and inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) F1FO-ATP synthase through targeting of both the c- and the ε-subunit. Bedaquiline has uncoupler activity. Bedaquiline is used for the multi-agent resistant tuberculosis.
    Bedaquiline (Standard)
  • HY-N2024R
    Maltose (Standard)
    Maltose (Standard) is the analytical standard of Maltose. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase (α-Glucosidase). Maltose can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders.
    Maltose (Standard)
  • HY-Y0264R
    4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Standard)
    4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, a phenolic derivative of benzoic acid, could inhibit most gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria, with an IC50 of 160 μg/mL.
    4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Standard)