Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Fluopyram is an orally active succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, antifungal and nematicide. Fluopyram inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity, activates CAR/PXR nuclear receptors, and increases caspase-3, TNF-α and NF-κB. Fluopyram inhibits the growth of F. virguliforme, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani with EC₅₀ values of 3.35, 5.389 and 0.244 µg/mL, respectively. Fluopyram induces liver and thyroid tumor formation. Fluopyram is nephrotoxic and embryotoxic.

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.

Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. Fluxapyroxad inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species.

Flutolanil is a succinate dehydrogenase complex inhibitor and fungicide. Flutolanil blocks electron transfer between the redox center of succinate dehydrogenase and coenzyme Q, inhibits mycelial oxygen consumption, and suppresses mycelial growth. Flutolanil induces acute and sublethal toxicity in zebrafish at different life stages. Flutolanil can be used in studies on plant disease control.

Tambulin is an orally active flavonol compound found in Zanthoxylum armatum. Tambulin can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and inhibit ROS production. Tambulin upregulates cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and Bax, downregulates Bcl-2 levels. Tambulin can stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and induce endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. Tambulin binds to succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) (Ki = 11.02 μM) and shows significant ferric reducing power. Tambulin can enhances oxidative stress resistance, reduces, lipofuscin deposits, lipid levels, α-synuclein levels, improves locomotary behavior, and dopamine levels in in age-synchronized L1 hermaphrodite Caenorhabditis elegans models of ageing and Parkinson's disease. Tambulin can be used for the researches of Parkinson's disease, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and diabetes.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-12 is a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), with an IC₅₀ value of 3.3 nM. Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-12 can be used for tumor research.

Flubeneteram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.0484 μM. Flubeneteram disrupts succinate dehydrogenase activity. Flubeneteram demonstrates protective effects against Rhizoctonia solani and Sphaerotheca fuliginea in preclinical models. Flubeneteram can be used for research related to fungal infections.

Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC₅₀^-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

BB2-50F is an antimicrobial agent and succinate dehydrogenase and F1Fo-ATP synthase inhibitor. BB2-50F induces ROS. BB2-50F inhibits succinate oxidation and reduces tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. BB2-50F inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and its auxotrophic, attenuated derivative mc2 6230 (ΔRD1, ΔpanCD) with an MIC of 8 μM.

Fluindapyr is a broad-spectrum pyrazolamide chiral fungicide of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHIs) with broad bactericidal spectrum and good efficacy. Fluopimomide is effective against M. incognita in vitro and application of fuopimomide shows some growth promotion effect in cucumber.

Isofetamid (IKF-5411) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and a fungicide. Isofetamid exhibits good control effects against various fungal diseases such as gray mold, white mold, and powdery mildew. Isofetamid is promising for research of plant fungal diseases.

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-5 (Compound M8) is the inhibitor for succinate dehydrogenase. Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-5 interfers with the energy metabolism and growth of fungi, inhibits Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum with EC₅₀ < 0.3 μg/mL.

Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.

Fluopyram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluopyram (HY-119459). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluopyram is an orally active succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, antifungal and nematicide. Fluopyram inhibits succinate dehydrogenase activity, activates CAR/PXR nuclear receptors, and increases caspase-3, TNF-α and NF-κB. Fluopyram inhibits the growth of F. virguliforme, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani with EC₅₀ values of 3.35, 5.389 and 0.244 µg/mL, respectively. Fluopyram induces liver and thyroid tumor formation. Fluopyram is nephrotoxic and embryotoxic.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-2 (Compound 12x) is an inhibitor for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with an IC₅₀ of 1.22 mg/L. Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-2 exhibits antifungal activity, that inhibits S. sclerotiorum, V. mali, G. graminis, R. solani and B. cinerea with EC₅₀ of 0.52-3.42 mg/L.

SDH-IN-12 (compound 9b) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, which exhibits activity against S. sclerotiorum and C. arachidicola, with EC₅₀s of 0.97 and 2.07 μM, respectively. SDH-IN-12 reveals no significant herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

SDH-IN-26 (Compound C3) is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor. SDH-IN-26 exhibits significant inhibitory activity against multiple phytopathogenic fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.270 μg/mL against Rhizoctonia solani. SDH-IN-26 damages the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, increases membrane permeability, disrupts cell structure, and reduces the number of mitochondria, thus affecting the normal growth of mycelia. SDH-IN-26 leads to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces cell apoptosis. SDH-IN-26 is promising for research of plant diseases caused by fungi.

Diethyl butylmalonate-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Diethyl butylmalonate (HY-44178). Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC₅₀^-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-9 (Compound Iik) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (IC₅₀: 3.6 μM). Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-9 exhibits potent inhibitory activity against various fungal species (eg: inhibits S. sclerotiorum with an EC₅₀ value of 1.14 μg/mL. Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-9 enhances the nitrate reductase activity, thereby facilitating plant growth.