Deoxyribonuclease gamma

Definition

Has DNA hydrolytic activity. Is capable of both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavage, producing DNA fragments with 3'-OH ends (By similarity). Can cleave chromatin to nucleosomal units and cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. Acts in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during apoptosis and necrosis. The role in apoptosis includes myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells (By similarity). Is active on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles and thus suppresses anti-DNA autoimmunity. Together with DNASE1, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (By similarity). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By similarity). Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is required to prevent formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation (By similarity).

References:

[1]. Youssef Errami, et al. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation may be a cooperative activity between caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease and the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-regulated DNAS1L3, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized endonuclease that translocates to the nucleus during apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 1;288(5):3460-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Z Zeng, et al. Cloning and characterization of a novel human DNase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Feb 13;231(2):499-504. [Content Brief]

[3]. Vanja Sisirak, et al. Digestion of Chromatin in Apoptotic Cell Microparticles Prevents Autoimmunity. Cell. 2016 Jun 30;166(1):88-101. [Content Brief]

[4]. Ryushin Mizuta, et al. DNase γ is the effector endonuclease for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in necrosis. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 2;8(12):e80223. [Content Brief]

[5]. W F Baron, et al. Cloning and characterization of an actin-resistant DNase I-like endonuclease secreted by macrophages. Gene. 1998 Jul 30;215(2):291-301. [Content Brief]

[6]. D Shiokawa, et al. cDNA cloning of human DNase gamma: chromosomal localization of its gene and enzymatic properties of recombinant protein. Apoptosis. 1998 Mar;3(2):89-95. [Content Brief]

[7]. A G Yakovlev, et al. A role of the Ca2+/Mg2+-dependent endonuclease in apoptosis and its inhibition by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 14;275(28):21302-8. [Content Brief]

生物医学辞典

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