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Hepcidin

Definition:

Liver-produced hormone that constitutes the main circulating regulator of iron absorption and distribution across tissues. Acts by promoting endocytosis and degradation of ferroportin/SLC40A1, leading to the retention of iron in iron-exporting cells and decreased flow of iron into plasma. Controls the major flows of iron into plasma: absorption of dietary iron in the intestine, recycling of iron by macrophages, which phagocytose old erythrocytes and other cells, and mobilization of stored iron from hepatocytes.; Has strong antimicrobial activity against E.coli ML35P N.cinerea and weaker against S.epidermidis, S.aureus and group b streptococcus bacteria. Active against the fungus C.albicans. No activity against P.aeruginosa.

References:

[1]. Tomas Ganz, et al. Hepcidin and iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1823(9):1434-43. [Content Brief]

[2]. C H Park, et al. Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 16;276(11):7806-10. [Content Brief]

[3]. Bo Qiao, et al. Hepcidin-induced endocytosis of ferroportin is dependent on ferroportin ubiquitination. Cell Metab. 2012 Jun 6;15(6):918-24. [Content Brief]

[4]. A Krause, et al. LEAP-1, a novel highly disulfide-bonded human peptide, exhibits antimicrobial activity. FEBS Lett. 2000 Sep 1;480(2-3):147-50. [Content Brief]

[5]. Christian B Billesbølle, et al. Structure of hepcidin-bound ferroportin reveals iron homeostatic mechanisms. Nature. 2020 Oct;586(7831):807-811. [Content Brief]

[6]. Sharraya Aschemeyer, et al. Structure-function analysis of ferroportin defines the binding site and an alternative mechanism of action of hepcidin. Blood. 2018 Feb 22;131(8):899-910. [Content Brief]

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