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Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2

Definition:

Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also mediates monomethylation of 'Lys-56' of histone H3 (H3K56me1) in G1 phase, leading to promote interaction between histone H3 and PCNA and regulating DNA replication. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). Also required for DNA methylation, the histone methyltransferase activity is not required for DNA methylation, suggesting that these 2 activities function independently. Probably targeted to histone H3 by different DNA-binding proteins like E2F6, MGA, MAX and/or DP1. May also methylate histone H1. In addition to the histone methyltransferase activity, also methylates non-histone proteins: mediates dimethylation of 'Lys-373' of p53/TP53. Also methylates CDYL, WIZ, ACIN1, DNMT1, HDAC1, ERCC6, KLF12 and itself.

References:

[1]. Hong Wu, et al. Structural biology of human H3K9 methyltransferases. PLoS One. 2010 Jan 11;5(1):e8570. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jing Huang, et al. G9a and Glp methylate lysine 373 in the tumor suppressor p53. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 26;285(13):9636-9641. [Content Brief]

[3]. Philipp Rathert, et al. Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a acts on non-histone targets. Nat Chem Biol. 2008 Jun;4(6):344-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Yongxin Yu, et al. Histone H3 lysine 56 methylation regulates DNA replication through its interaction with PCNA. Mol Cell. 2012 Apr 13;46(1):7-17. [Content Brief]

[5]. C M Milner, et al. The G9a gene in the human major histocompatibility complex encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin-like repeats. Biochem J. 1993 Mar 15;290 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):811-8. [Content Brief]

[6]. M Tachibana, et al. Set domain-containing protein, G9a, is a novel lysine-preferring mammalian histone methyltransferase with hyperactivity and specific selectivity to lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 6;276(27):25309-17. [Content Brief]

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