Definition:

Intrahepatic lithiasis is very common disease in East Asia, characterized by the recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. The main clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. Pathologically, the intrahepatic ducts are dilated and contain soft, pigmented stones, mainly calcium bilirubinate stones. It is likely to lead to biliary cirrhosis and increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the treatment of this disease is difficult but vital. Currently, various treatment options have been available, including liver resection, percutaneous approach, endoscopic approach and laser lithotripsy.