Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a very common clinical condition that refers to a systolic billowing of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium. MVP can be associated with significant mitral regurgitation (MR), bacterial endocarditis, congestive heart failure, and even sudden death. According to the presently used echocardiographic criteria, MVP is defined as an upward displacement of the mitral leaflets that exceeds 2 mm during diastole. In classical MVP, the leaflets' maximal thickness is >5 mm, whereas in non-classical MVP it remains H00653], Loeys-Dietz syndrome [DS:H00800], Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [DS:H00802], and osteogenesis imperfecta [DS:H00506]. Nonsyndromic MVP can be sporadic or familial, demonstrating autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance. Three different loci on chromosomes 16, 11 and 13 have been found to be linked to MVP. Another locus on chromosome X has been found to cosegregate with a rare form of MVP called X-linked myxomatous valvular dystrophy.