PA-1

PA-1 is a human ovarian teratocarcinoma-derived cell line characterized by a reciprocal t(15;20)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation and amplification or overexpression of several cancer-associated genes, including NCOA3/AIB1, supporting molecular studies of tumor-cell transformation and chromosomal organization^[1]. PA-1 cells have also been used to examine drug-induced death mechanisms: inhibition of GSK-3 with lithium chloride or tideglusib altered mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis-related gene expression, and cleavage of caspases and PARP^[2]. These publications support ovarian teratocarcinoma as the disease of origin; they do not establish normal ovarian epithelial physiology.