GSeSeG

GSeSeG (Glutaselenone diselenide) (3 or 8 μM; pH 7.0) has a formal reduction potential of -407 mV in a cell-free redox equilibrium system, which is 151 mV lower than that of GSSG, and reaches equilibrium with DTT more rapidly than GSSG^[2].
GSeSeG (150 μM; 0.5-240 min) eliminates the initial lag phase in BPTI oxidative folding and completes folding within 4 h, whereas the GSSG group completes approximately two-thirds^[2].
GSeSeG (150 μM; 2-240 min) yields 90% native BPTI after 4 h of BPTI oxidative folding, which is higher than the 67% obtained with GSSG^[2].
GSeSeG (10-200 μM; NADPH 100 μM; 25 °C; pH 7.0) is reduced as a GR substrate with a K_m of 54 μM and a k_cat of 69 s^-1[2].
GSeSeG (0.5 mM; GR 10 U/mL; NADPH 1.5 mM; 10 min) generates GSeH (1 mM) in situ, and the resulting GSeH (30 min) reduces more than 80% of 0.1 mM H2O2, exhibiting GPx-like antioxidant activity^[3].
GSeH generated in situ from GSeSeG (0.5 mM; 0.5-48 h) reacts with 0.5 mM methylglyoxal, consuming approximately 50% of MG within 30 min and reducing residual MG to about 35% at 48 h, demonstrating GLO1-like antiglycative stress activity^[3].
GSeSeG (0.05-0.5 mM; GSH 2 mM; CDNB 1 mM; 10 min) exhibits GST-like activity and retains significant activity even at the lowest tested concentration of 0.05 mM^[3].
GSeSeG (0.3 mM; GSH 2 mM; CDNB 1 mM; 60 min) forms GS-DNB and GSe-DNB in the reaction system; the results support that GSH can generate GSeH from GSeSeG via a non-enzymatic pathway, and GSeH subsequently reacts directly with CDNB^[3].
GSeSeG (3 μM; overnight pretreatment; MG 4 mM; overnight) increases the average cell viability of HeLa cells after MG stress from 38% to 56%^[3].

GSeSeG (25, 50 μM; overnight pretreatment; H2O2 0 or 1 mM; overnight) alone does not reduce cell viability in HeLa cells and, under H2O2 stress, increases cell viability from 41% in the control group to 83% and 88%^[3].
GSeSeG (0-25 μM; overnight pretreatment; H₂O₂ 1.2 mM; overnight) increases the tolerance of HeLa cells to oxidative stress, with 0.5 μM increasing cell viability from 21% to 57%^[3].
GSeSeG (3 μM; overnight pretreatment; MG 4 mM overnight; H₂O₂ 1.2 mM overnight) increases cell viability under combined stress from 26% to 38% in HeLa cells, and its cytoprotective effect lasts for at least 2 days^[3].