GREM1 - gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist Gene

Also Known as DRM; HMPS; MPSH; PIG2; CRAC1; CRCS4; DAND2; HMPS1; IHG-2; DUP15q; C15DUPq; GREMLIN; CKTSF1B1

Species: Homo sapiens

Gene Type: protein coding

Gene ID: 26585

About GREM1

Cytogenetic location: 15q13.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 15:32,718,004-32,745,106 (from NCBI)

This gene has 4 transcripts (splice variants), 1 gene allele, 242 orthologues, 2 paralogues and is associated with 2 phenotypes. Biased expression in gall bladder (RPKM 205.9), appendix (RPKM 84.5) and 6 other tissues.

Summary

This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

GREM1 Products (4)

mRNA	Protein	Name
NM_001191322.2	NP_001178251.1	gremlin-1 isoform 3
NM_001191323.2	NP_001178252.1	gremlin-1 isoform 2 precursor
NM_001368719.1	NP_001355648.1	gremlin-1 isoform 1 precursor
NM_013372.7	NP_037504.1	gremlin-1 isoform 1 precursor

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function
Biological Process

Molecular Function GO Annotation	Evidence	References	Source
enables BMP binding	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	27036124	GOA
enables protein binding	IPI IPI: Inferred from physical interaction	16545136	GOA
enables protein homodimerization activity	IPI IPI: Inferred from physical interaction	27036124	GOA

Biological Process GO Annotation	Evidence	References	Source
involved in cell morphogenesis	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	16545136	GOA
involved in collagen fibril organization	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in determination of dorsal identity	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	9660951	GOA
involved in limb development	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	10556075	GOA
involved in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	16816361	GOA
involved in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	10556075	GOA
involved in negative regulation of bone mineralization	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of bone remodeling	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of bone trabecula formation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	10556075	GOA
involved in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	27036124	GOA
involved in negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	15539560	GOA
involved in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA IDA: Inferred from direct assay	16545136	GOA
involved in regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IMP IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype	16816361	GOA

EXP: Inferred from Experiment IDA: Inferred from direct assay IPI: Inferred from physical interaction IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype IGI: Inferred from genetic interaction IEP: Inferred from expression pattern

GREM1 Protein Structure

DAN

0
100
184 a.a.

Protein Preferred Names	Protein Names
gremlin-1	DAN domain family member 2

GREM1 Protein-protein interaction Information

Type	Protein Name	Protein ID	Interactor	Interactor Species	Interactor ID	Detection Method	References
Intra	GREM1	O60565	KDR	Homo sapiens	P35968	Crosslink	20660291
Intra	GREM1	O60565	KRTAP12-2	Homo sapiens	P59991	Y2H Prey Pooling	32296183
Intra	GREM1	O60565	KRTAP12-2	Homo sapiens	P59991	Validated Y2H	32296183
Intra	GREM1	O60565	KRTAP12-2	Homo sapiens	P59991	Y2H Array	32296183
Intra	GREM1	O60565	YWHAH	Homo sapiens	Q04917	Pull Down	16545136
Intra	GREM1	O60565	YWHAH	Homo sapiens	Q04917	Y2H	16545136
Intra	GREM1	O60565	YWHAH	Homo sapiens	Q04917	Anti Tag CoIP	16545136
Intra	GREM1	O60565	MDFI	Homo sapiens	Q99750	Validated Y2H	32296183
Intra	GREM1	O60565	MDFI	Homo sapiens	Q99750	Y2H Array	32296183
Intra	GREM1	O60565	MDFI	Homo sapiens	Q99750	Y2H Prey Pooling	32296183

Cross: Cross-species interaction Intra: Intraspecies interaction

Related Diseases

Diseases	Alias
Polyposis Syndrome, Hereditary Mixed, 1	HMPS1 Colorectal Adenoma And Carcinoma 1 Crac1 Colorectal Cancer 4 Chromosome 15q13-Q14 Duplication Syndrome, 40-Kb Colorectal Cancer, Susceptibility To, 4 Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome 1 Polyposis Syndrome, Hereditary Mixed 1 CRCS4 Susceptibility To Colorectal Cancer On Chromosome 15 Polyposis Syndrome, Mixed Hereditary 1 Adenomatous Polyps
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome	Hmps
Familial Colorectal Cancer	Colorectal Cancer, Familial
Colorectal Adenoma	Colorectal Adenomas Adenoma Of Large Intestine
Sclerosteosis	Cortical Hyperostosis With Syndactyly Sost Cortical Hyperostosis-Syndactyly Syndrome
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome	Loeys-Dietz Aortic Aneurysm Syndrome Lds Aortic Aneurysm Syndrome Due To Tgf-Beta Receptors Anomalies Furlong Syndrome
Synostosis
Polyposis Syndrome, Hereditary Mixed, 2	HMPS2 Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome 2 Polyposis Syndrome, Mixed Hereditary 2 Polyposis Syndrome, Hereditary Mixed, Type 2
Renal Fibrosis
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome	JPS Juvenile Intestinal Polyposis Jip Pji Juvenile Gastrointestinal Polyposis Juvenile Polyposis Polyposis, Juvenile Intestinal Polyposis, Familial, Of Entire Gastrointestinal Tract Polyposis Familial Of Entire Gastrointestinal Tract Polyposis Juvenile Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome, Juvenile
Oesophagostomiasis	Infection By Oesophagostomum Oesophagostomosis
Syndactyly, Type Iv	Syndactyly Type 4 Polysyndactyly, Haas Type SDTY4 Haas Type Syndactyly Sd4 Polysyndactyly Type Haas Syndactyly 4 Polysyndactyly Haas Type Syndactyly Type Iv
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 2	Mutyh-Related Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis FAP2 Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis, Autosomal Recessive Adenomas, Multiple Colorectal Mutyh-Associated Polyposis Mutyh-Related Attenuated Familial Polyposis Coli Mutyh-Related Attenuated Fap Adenomas, Multiple Colorectal, Autosomal Recessive Mutyh-Related Afap Adenomas Multiple Colorectal Autosomal Recessive Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis Autosomal Recessive Adenomatous Polyposis, Familial, Type 2
Kidney Disease	Renal Failure Kidney Failure Kidney Diseases Nephropathy Abnormality Of The Kidney Impaired Renal Function Disease Renal Anomaly Kidney Dysfunction Renal Disease Nephropathies Renal Failure Adverse Event Abnormal Renal Function
Fibular Aplasia Or Hypoplasia, Femoral Bowing And Poly-, Syn-, And Oligodactyly	Fuhrmann Syndrome Bowing Of The Femurs, Aplasia Or Hypoplasia Of The Fibula, And Digital Anomalies Fibular Hypoplasia Or Aplasia-Femoral Bowing-Oligodactyly Syndrome Fuhrmann-Rieger-De Sousa Syndrome FUHRS Fibular Aplasia Hypoplasia Femoral Bowing And Poly- Syn- And Oligodactyly
Chromosome 2q35 Duplication Syndrome	Syndactyly Syndactyly Type 1 Sdty1 Zygodactyly Syndactyly, Type I Sd1 Syndactyly, Type 1, With Or Without Craniosynostosis Symphalangism Non-Syndromic Syndactyly Symphalangy Webbing Of Digits Syndactyly, Type 1
Tibia, Hypoplasia Or Aplasia Of, With Polydactyly	Hypoplastic Or Aplastic Tibia With Polydactyly Absence Of Tibia With Polydactyly Tibial Hemimelia-Polysyndactyly-Triphalangeal Thumb Syndrome THYP Tibial Hemimelia-Polydactyly-Triphalangeal Thumbs With Fibular Dimelia Absent Tibia-Polydactyly Syndrome Werner Mesomelic Syndrome Hypoplastic Tibiae-Postaxial Polydactyly Syndrome Polydactyly With Absent Tibia Werner Mesomelic Spectrum Hypoplasia Or Aplasia Of Tibia With Polydactyly Wms Tibia, Hypoplasia Of, With Polydactyly
Lipoma Of Colon	Colonic Lipoma Colon Lipoma
Large Intestine Lipoma	Lipoma Of Large Intestine Colorectal Lipoma
Renal Hypodysplasia/Aplasia 1	Renal Agenesis Renal Adysplasia Renal Aplasia RHDA1 Hereditary Renal Aplasia Hra Hereditary Urogenital Adysplasia Hypodysplasia/Aplasia, Renal, Type 1 Congenital Absence Of Kidneys Syndrome Congenital Absence Of Kidney Aplastic Kidney
Colorectal Cancer	Colon Cancer Colorectal Carcinoma Colon Carcinoma Colorectal Cancer, Susceptibility To Carcinoma Of Colon CRC Colorectal Cancer With Chromosomal Instability, Somatic Colon Cancer, Somatic Colon Cancer, Susceptibility To Colonic Neoplasms Colorectal Neoplasms Colorectal Cancer, Somatic Colon Cancer, Advanced, Somatic Colonic Carcinoma Colorectal Carcinomas Colon Cancers Colorectal Cancers Cancer, Colorectal, Somatic Cancer, Colon Cancer, Colorectal, Susceptibility To Colorectal Neoplasm Colonic Neoplasm Malignant Tumor Of Colon
Gastric Cancer	Stomach Cancer Gastric Carcinoma Stomach Carcinoma Gastric Cancer, Somatic Gastric Neoplasm Carcinoma Of Stomach Stomach Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm Of Stomach Gastric Cancer Risk After H. Pylori Infection Cancer Of The Stomach Adult Stomach Cancer Adult Stomach Carcinoma GASC Gastric Cancer Intestinal Gastric Cancers Gastric Carcinomas Cancer, Gastric Stomach Neoplasm Malignant Neoplasm Of Body Of Stomach Malignant Tumor Of Lesser Curve Of Stomach Gastrocarcinoma Of Unspecified Site Leather Bottle Stomach Carcinoma Of Fundus Of Stomach Cancer Of Fundus Of Stomach Primary Malignant Neoplasm Of Body Of Stomach Cancer Of Body Of Stomach Primary Malignant Neoplasm Of Pyloric Antrum Pyloric Antrum Cancer Malignant Tumour Of Stomach
Lynch Syndrome	Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Carcinoma Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Neoplasms Familial Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer Hnpcc Coca 1 Hereditary Defective Mismatch Repair Syndrome Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer Syndrome Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer Syndrome Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Neoplasm Hnpcc - Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer Cancer Family Syndrome Familial Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Cancer, Colorectal, Nonpolyposis, Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, Type 1
Cakut	Renal Or Urinary Tract Malformation Congenital Anomalies Of Kidney And Urinary Tract Congenital Anomaly Of Kidney And Urinary Tract Congenital Anomalies Of The Kidney And Urinary Tract Kidney And Urinary Tract, Anomalies, Congenital Renal Hypodysplasia, Nonsyndromic, 1
Cowden Syndrome	Cowden Disease Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome Cowden'S Disease Lhermitte-Duclos Disease Cd Cs Mham Dysplastic Gangliocytoma Of Cerebellum Cowden'S Syndrome Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple
Myopathy	Muscular Diseases Myopathies
Orofacial Cleft	Cleft, Orofacial
Interstitial Lung Disease 2	Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Ipf Fibrocystic Pulmonary Dysplasia Pulmonary Fibrosis, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Idiopathic, Susceptibility To Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis ILD2 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Familial Fibrosing Alveolitis, Cryptogenic Uip Fibrosing Alveolitis Interstitial Pneumonitis, Usual Familial Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Idiopathic Fibrosing Alveolitis, Chronic Form Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Fibrosing Alveolitis Cryptogenic Hamman-Rich Disease Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Familial Interstitial Pneumonitis Usual Fibrosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pulmonary, Idiopathic Hamman-Rich Syndrome Chronic Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Acute Interstitial Pneumonia Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis Ipf - [Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis] Idiopathic Lung Fibrosis Fibrosing Lung Disease Pulmonary Fibrosis Nos Fibrosing Pneumonitis
Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome	Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Brca1- And Brca2-Associated Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Breast And/Or Ovarian Cancer Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Hboc Syndrome Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Brca1- Brca2-Associated Hboc

Diseases	Alias
Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia	Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia Macroglobulinemia Of Waldenstrom Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma With Igm Gammopathy Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia Waldenstroem'S Macroglobulinemia Macroglobulinemia Of Waldenstrom Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma With Igm Gammopathy Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

Related Agents

Pre-clinical Phase

Pre-clinical Phase

Bioactive Molecules (4)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Rare Diseases
HY-112056	DIM-C-pPhCO2Me		99.29%	Unkown
HY-RS05784	GREM1 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A	Pre-designed Set	/	Unkown
HY-RS17341	Grem1 Mouse Pre-designed siRNA Set A	Pre-designed Set	/	Unkown
HY-RS23796	Grem1 Rat Pre-designed siRNA Set A	Pre-designed Set	/	Unkown

Inhibitory Antibodies (1)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Rare Diseases
HY-P990426	Anti-GREM1/Gremlin Antibody		98.59%	Unkown

Orthologs Information

Species	Symbol	Source	ID
Rattus norvegicus	GREM1	RGD	RGD:2359
Felis catus	GREM1	VGNC	VGNC:62708
Mus musculus	GREM1	MGD	MGI:1344337
Macaca mulatta	GREM1	VGNC	VGNC:73199
Canis familiaris	GREM1	VGNC	VGNC:41474
Bos taurus	GREM1	VGNC	VGNC:29633
Others	GREM1	NCBI