Levomepromazine
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Levomepromazine (Methotrimeprazine) is an orally active antipsychotic compound and Ca2+ release inducer. Levomepromazine inhibits SERCA pump and induces an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Levomepromazine has antagonistic effects on a variety of neurotransmitter receptors, including dopamine, cholinergic, serotonin, and histamine receptors. Levomepromazine can induce adaptive ER stress and autophagy. In addition, Levomepromazine has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic, sedative and anti-injurious activities. Levomepromazine can be used in the study psychiatric disorders and relieving nausea and vomiting.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 60-99-1
- Formula: C19H24N2OS
- Molecular Weight:328.47
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Levomepromazine
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Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Huh-7 | CC50 |
24.5 μM
Compound: 50
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Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells
Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells
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[PMID: 32283298] |
In Vitro
Levomepromazine (10 μM; 24 h) reduces Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-induced Neuro2a cell death, reduces JEV RNA levels and viral titers, and significantly inhibits JEV protein translation/replication complex formation and ROS production[1].
Levomepromazine (10 μM; 24 h) decreases the inflammatory response of microglia by inducing autophagy[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:Japanese encephalitis virus treated Neuro2a
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Reduced the level of JEV RNA.
In Vivo
Levomepromazine (5-20 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; single dose) has analgesic, sedative and anti-injurious effects in mice[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Japanese encephalitis virus-S3 infected C57BL/6 mouse[1]
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Dosage:2 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (i.g.); 15 days
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Result:Delayed virus invasion into the brain, and significantly lower viremia.
Showed complete protection of the barrier.
Reduced levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon in the brains of infected mice.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 60-99-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 328.47
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Formula C19H24N2OS
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
COC1=CC=C2SC3=C(N(C2=C1)C[C@@H](CN(C)C)C)C=CC=C3
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Synonyms
Methotrimeprazine
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Br J Pharmacol
Tricyclic antipsychotics and antidepressants can inhibit α5-containing GABAA receptors by two distinct mechanisms. [Abstract]2022 Jul;179(14):3675-3692. PMID: 35088415
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 41.67 mg/mL (126.86 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (4.35 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (14.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (4.35 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (14.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Autophagy
Autophagy is a process in which eukaryotic cells use lysosomes to degrade their own cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles under the regulation of autophagy related gene (Atg). Microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) is recognized as autophagy marker, which transfers from cytoplasmic LC3 (LC3-I) to membrane type (LC3-II). LC3-II/I ratio could be detected by Western Blot and fluorescence microscopy.
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Ca2+ Staining Technique
Ca2+ staining is an experimental technique that utilizes specific fluorescent probes (such as Fluo-4 AM, Fura-2, etc.) to qualitatively or quantitatively detect dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations; this is achieved by monitoring the changes in fluorescent signals generated when these probes bind to free intracellular calcium ions. The underlying principle relies primarily on the presence of chelating groups within the probe's molecular structure that possess high affinity for calcium ions.
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Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining
Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining detects acidic intracellular compartments by using membrane-permeant acidotropic probes that accumulate in low-pH vesicles, including lysosomes, late endosomes, autolysosomes, and acidic phagosomes. LysoTracker staining is commonly used as an intensity-based readout of acidic lysosomal compartment abundance or enlargement, while acridine orange produces green fluorescence in less concentrated compartments and red fluorescence after concentration-dependent accumulation in acidic vesicular organelles. Loss or reduction of acridine-orange red signal can be used as a readout of lysosomal membrane permeabilization or reduced acidic-vesicle integrity. This protocol is designed for live cultured cells and can be adapted for fluorescence microscopy, high-content imaging, plate-reader readout, or flow cytometry when the selected literature supports the readout. Because these dyes report acidotropic accumulation rather than lysosome identity alone,
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Macroautophagy Solutions
Macroautophagy is a conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. The pathway supports cellular homeostasis during nutrient limitation, organelle stress, protein-aggregate accumulation, infection, differentiation, and tissue remodeling by coupling cargo sequestration, autophagosome maturation, lysosomal fusion, and degradation of cargo-derived macromolecules. The core molecular sequence includes initiation by nutrient- and stress-regulated autophagy machinery, autophagosome nucleation, LC3/ATG8-family conjugation to autophagosomal membranes, cargo selection through receptors such as SQSTM1/p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal degradation. LC3 was identified as a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg8 that localizes to autophagosomal membranes after processing, and p62/SQSTM1 was shown to connect ubiquitinated cargo with autophagic degradati
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Prajapat SK, et al. Methotrimeprazine is a neuroprotective antiviral in JEV infection via adaptive ER stress and autophagy. EMBO Mol Med. 2024 Jan;16(1):185-217. [Content Brief]
[2]. Petts HV, et al. Interactions of morphine and methotrimeprazine in mouse and man with respect to analgesia, respiration and sedation. Br J Anaesth. 1983 May;55(5):437-41. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cox L, et al. Levomepromazine for nausea and vomiting in palliative care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 2;(11):CD009420. [Content Brief]
[4]. Sivaraman P, et al. Levomepromazine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD007779. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.0444 mL | 15.2221 mL | 30.4442 mL | 76.1105 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6089 mL | 3.0444 mL | 6.0888 mL | 15.2221 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3044 mL | 1.5222 mL | 3.0444 mL | 7.6110 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2030 mL | 1.0148 mL | 2.0296 mL | 5.0740 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1522 mL | 0.7611 mL | 1.5222 mL | 3.8055 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6089 mL | 1.2178 mL | 3.0444 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1015 mL | 0.5074 mL | 1.0148 mL | 2.5370 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0761 mL | 0.3806 mL | 0.7611 mL | 1.9028 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3044 mL | 0.6089 mL | 1.5222 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0507 mL | 0.2537 mL | 0.5074 mL | 1.2685 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0381 mL | 0.1903 mL | 0.3806 mL | 0.9514 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0304 mL | 0.1522 mL | 0.3044 mL | 0.7611 mL |
Levomepromazine Related Classifications
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