Isotope-Labeled Branched Fatty Acids

L-Isoleucine-¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

Itaconic acid-¹³C₅ is the ¹³C labeled Itaconic acid. Itaconic acid, a precursor of polymers, chemicals, and fuels, can be synthesized by many fungi. Itaconic acid also is a macrophage-specific metabolite. Itaconic acid mediates crosstalk between macrophage metabolism and peritoneal tumors.

Methylmalonic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Methylmalonic acid. Methylmalonic acid (Methylmalonate) is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.

Ethylmalonic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Ethylmalonic acid (HY-34740). Ethylmalonic acid is a short-chain organic dicarboxylic acid. Ethylmalonic acid synergistically induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MP) with Ca²⁺, inhibits Mi-CK, and disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism. Ethylmalonic acid can be used in the research of SCADD, EE and other genetic metabolic diseases characterized by EMA accumulation.

Isovaleric acid-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.

Isovaleric acid-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.

DL-Mevalonolactone-¹³C ((±)-Mevalonolactone-¹³C) is the ¹³C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.

DL-Mevalonolactone-d₇ is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone. DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (?Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling.

DL-Mevalonolactone-¹³C₂ ((±)-Mevalonolactone-¹³C₂) is the ¹³C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling^[2][4].

D-Panthenol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled D-Panthenol.

Valproic acid-d₁₅ is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.

Valproic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.

Methylmalonic acid-¹³C₄ is the ¹³C labeled Methylmalonic acid. Methylmalonic acid (Methylmalonate) is an indicator of Vitamin B-12 deficiency in cancer.

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Valproic acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM, also inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid sodium salt is used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and prevention of migraine headaches.

DL-Valine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled DL-Valine.

Dexpanthenol-d₆ is deuterium labeled D-Panthenol. D-Panthenol is the biologically-active alcohol of pantothenic acid, which leads to an elevation in the amount of coenzyme A in the cell.

4-Methylpentanoic acid-d₁₂ (Isocaproic Acid-d₁₂) is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylpentanoic acid. 4-Methylpentanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid and a metabolite of 20 α-hydroxycholesterol (HY-12316) that can be detected in feces. The concentration of 4-Methylpentanoic acid is closely associated with several diseases, such as depression. 4-Methylpentanoic acid is also applicable to studies on cholesterol metabolism.

4-Methylpentanoic acid-d₁₁ (Isocaproic Acid-d₁₁) is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylpentanoic acid. 4-Methylpentanoic acid is a short-chain fatty acid and a metabolite of 20 α-hydroxycholesterol (HY-12316) that can be detected in feces. The concentration of 4-Methylpentanoic acid is closely associated with several diseases, such as depression. 4-Methylpentanoic acid is also applicable to studies on cholesterol metabolism.

Isovaleric acid-¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.