Lipid Classification

Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response.

Hispaglabridin A is an isoflavone derivative extracted from licorice roots. Hispaglabridin A is an antioxidant that is effective at inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Lipid X is a 2,3-diacylglucosamine-1-phosphate that serves as the monosaccharide precursor of lipid A, possessing both LPS antagonist and weak agonist activities. Lipid X exerts protective effects by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor production, monocyte procoagulant activity, and neutrophil priming. Lipid X may induce transient pulmonary hypertension, neutropenia, and mild pyrogenic effects in laboratory animals. Lipid X has low toxicity and no in vitro antibacterial activity, but it significantly reduces mortality following Gram-negative bacterial infection and endotoxin exposure. Lipid X tends to accumulate in liver tissue, binds to circulating cellular components, and can be converted to lipid Y through transesterification. Lipid X can be used in research on Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, endotoxemia, and associated pulmonary hypertension.

Cyclosporin A-d₃ (Cyclosporine A-d₃) is the deuterated-labeled Cyclosporin A (HY-B0579). Cyclosporin A (Cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant which binds to the cyclophilin and inhibits phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B/calcineurin) with an IC₅₀ of 5 nM. Cyclosporin A is a molecular glue, binds to cyclophilin and calcineurin, leading to inactivation of nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT) and a subsequent decrease in the immune response. Cyclosporin A also inhibits CD11a/CD18 adhesion.

Dehydroabietinol is a SYK inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 46.4 μM. Dehydroabietinol inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes and Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Dehydroabietinol indirectly inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum, alters the erythrocyte membrane, and induces spherostomatocyte transformation and endovesicle formation. Dehydroabietinol can be used in studies related to immune-mediated diseases, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and malaria.

Cirsiliol 4′-glucoside is a free radical scavenger, found from Ruellia tuberosa L. Cirsiliol 4′-glucoside shows potential anti-diabetic activity.

1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic Acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 1β-Hydroxydeoxycholic Acid.

Caffeoyl-CoA is a substrate of Chalcone synthase derived from rye with a K_m value of 1.45 μM.

DSPC-d₇₄ (1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-d₇₄) is the deuterium labeled DSPC (HY-W040193). DSPC is a cylindrical-shaped lipid. 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine is used to synthesize liposomes, and is the lipid component in the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system.

17:0-17:1-17:0 TG-d₅ is deuterium labeled 17:0-17:1-17:0 TG.

1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine-d₇ is deuterium labeled 1-Oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine.

(+)-Cembrene A (Compound 5) is a α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 30.31 μM. (+)-Cembrene A is nontoxic towards human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells.

22:0 Lyso PC-¹³C₆ is a ¹³C-labeled and deuterium labeled 22:0 Lyso PC.

C16-Ceramide-¹³C₁₆ is a ¹³C-labeled C16-Ceramide (HY-100354).

Lucenin-2 is a natural C-glucoside compound belonging to the flavonoid class.

Rivularin (Skullcapflavone) is a flavonoid that can be found in Radix scutellariae.

Tristearin-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Tristearin (HY-127035). Tristearin is a triglyceride derived from three units of stearic acid.

(+)-3-Carene is the (+)-enantiomer of 3-Carene (HY-N6663). (+)-3-Carene is a conifer metabolite associated with insect resistance in conifers. (+)-3-Carene can be used in studies related to pest control.

DL-Valine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled DL-Valine.

DL-Valine-d-1 is the deuterium labeled DL-Valine.