LipE guided discovery of isopropylphenyl pyridazines as pantothenate kinase modulators

Pantothenate kinase (PANK) is the critical regulator of intracellular levels of coenzyme A and has emerged as an attractive target for treating neurological and metabolic disorders. This report describes the optimization, synthesis, and full structure-activity relationships of a new chemical series of pantothenate competitive PANK inhibitors. Potent drug-like molecules were obtained by optimizing a high throughput screening hit, using lipophilic ligand efficiency (LipE) derived from human PANK3 IC₅₀ values to guide ligand development. X-ray crystal structures of PANK3 with index inhibitors from the optimization were determined to rationalize the emerging structure activity relationships. The analysis revealed a key bidentate hydrogen bonding interaction between pyridazine and R306' as a major contributor to the LipE gain observed in the optimization. A tractable series of PANK3 modulators with nanomolar potency, excellent LipE values, desirable physicochemical properties, and a well-defined structural binding mode was produced from this study.