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  5. PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag)

PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag)

Cat. No.: HY-P70663
COA Handling Instructions

The PD-L1 protein critically regulates immune tolerance by acting as a ligand for PDCD1/PD-1, regulating T cell activation threshold, and limiting effector responses. It may act as a costimulatory molecule for IL10-producing T cell subsets. PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag) is the recombinant human-derived PD-L1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Flag labeled tag. The total length of PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag) is 221 a.a., with molecular weight of 35-40 kDa.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

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Description

The PD-L1 protein critically regulates immune tolerance by acting as a ligand for PDCD1/PD-1, regulating T cell activation threshold, and limiting effector responses. It may act as a costimulatory molecule for IL10-producing T cell subsets. PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag) is the recombinant human-derived PD-L1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-Flag labeled tag. The total length of PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag) is 221 a.a., with molecular weight of 35-40 kDa.

Background

PD-L1 Protein assumes a critical role in both the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self, acting as a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1 and thereby modulating the activation threshold of T-cells, ultimately limiting their effector response. Additionally, PD-L1 may function as a costimulatory molecule for T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) through an as yet unidentified activating receptor. Beyond its role as an immune checkpoint, PD-L1 also acts as a transcription coactivator, translocating into the nucleus in response to hypoxia and interacting with phosphorylated STAT3 to promote the transcription of GSDMC, leading to pyroptosis. Exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape immune system destruction, the PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway facilitated by PD-L1 interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function. Blocking the PDCD1-mediated pathway has shown promise in reversing exhausted T-cell phenotypes and normalizing anti-tumor responses, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy.

Species

Human

Source

HEK293

Tag

C-Flag

Accession

Q9NZQ7 (F19-T239)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
PD-L1 (F19-T239)
Accession # Q9NZQ7
Flag
C-term
Synonyms
Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1; PD-L1; PDCD1 Ligand 1; Programmed Death Ligand 1; B7 Homolog 1; B7-H1; CD274; B7H1; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1; PDL1
AA Sequence

FTVTVPKDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNERT

Molecular Weight

35-40 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20 mM PB, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US;may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
= ÷

The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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PD-L1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag)
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HY-P70663
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