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Results for "

paw

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5-HT Receptor (2) Adenosine Kinase (1) Adenosine Receptor (1) Adrenergic Receptor (1) Amyloid-β (1) Angiotensin Receptor (1) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (6) Autophagy (2) Bacterial (5) Bcl-2 Family (1) Beta-secretase (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (2) Bradykinin Receptor (1) Calcium Channel (1) Cannabinoid Receptor (3) Caspase (4) CDK (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (1) COX (29) CXCR (1) Cytochrome P450 (2) DNA/RNA Synthesis (1) Dopamine Transporter (1) Drug Derivative (6) EBV (2) Endogenous Metabolite (3) Enterovirus (1) FAP (1) Fluorescent Dye (1) Fungal (1) Glucocorticoid Receptor (1) Glutathione Peroxidase (1) Glycosidase (1) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (3) Histamine Receptor (2) IFNAR (1) Interleukin Related (10) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (3) JAK (3) Kallikrein (1) Keap1-Nrf2 (1) Lactate Dehydrogenase (1) Leukotriene Receptor (2) Lipoxygenase (6) LPL Receptor (1) MALT1 (1) Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR) (1) MDM-2/p53 (1) Melanocortin Receptor (1) MMP (4) Monoamine Oxidase (1) mTOR (1) nAChR (3) Neurokinin Receptor (1) NF-κB (3) NO Synthase (2) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (1) Opioid Receptor (4) P2X Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (4) Parasite (2) PARP (1) PDI (1) PGE synthase (2) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (1) Phospholipase (1) PI3K (1) PPAR (1) Prostaglandin Receptor (4) Protease Activated Receptor (PAR) (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (4) Reference Standards (7) ROCK (1) ROS Kinase (1) SARS-CoV (1) SOD (1) Sodium Channel (2) STAT (2) TGF-β Receptor (1) TNF Receptor (9) TRP Channel (2) α-synuclein (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (17) Cardiovascular Disease (8) Endocrinology (2) Infection (9) Inflammation/Immunology (93) Metabolic Disease (6) Neurological Disease (35)
Oligonucleotides:	Cholesterol (1)

119

Inhibitors & Agonists

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-14648A

Dexamethasone acetate 5+ Cited Publications Dexamethasone 21-acetate; Hexadecadrol acetate	Glucocorticoid Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is the acetate form of the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone acetate has a longer duration of action than Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone acetate can accumulate at inflammatory sites, in mouse liver and mouse lung via nanostructured lipid carriers. Dexamethasone acetate can be used to prepare topical formulations for studies related to sensorineural hearing loss, γ-carrageenan-induced paw edema, chronic active hepatitis, pulmonary diseases, and inflammation after vitreoretinal surgery .

HY-103175

PSB36 1 Publications Verification	Adenosine Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
PSB36 is a highly selective A₁ adenosine receptor antagonist, with a K_i of 0.12 nM and a K_d of 0.7 nM. Systemic administration of PSB36 reduces formalin- and Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced edema in mice and decreases pain-related behaviors, with no local paw activity. PSB36 prolongs the APD₉₀ of rat and human atria, produces a frequency-dependent prolongation of rat atrial ERP, increases the diastolic threshold of rat atria, and shortens the duration of atrial fibrillation episodes. PSB36 can be used in research related to inflammatory pain, inflammatory hyperalgesia, edema and atrial fibrillation .

HY-100845

Salvinorin A Divinorin A	Opioid Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
Salvinorin A is a potent, unique and short-acting high efficacy kappa-opioid receptor (KOPr) agonist with K_i value of 4.3 nm. Salvinorin A is a non-nitrogenous neoclerodane isolated from Salvia divinorum.

HY-N1205

Spathulenol	Others	Cancer
Spathulenol is isolated from Aristolochia yunnanensis, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activities. Spathulenol shows a high antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ of 85.60 μg/mL in the DPPH system ^[1].

HY-W019815

N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea ENU; N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea	DNA/RNA Synthesis	Neurological Disease Cancer
N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a DNA alkylating agent. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea induces leukemia by alkylating nucleobases, disrupting DNA, and resulting in bone marrow suppression and the formation of leukemic cells. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea is teratogenic in vivo, inducing tumor formation and paw malformations in pregnant rats. N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea cause central nervous system (CNS) tumors and genetic disorders .

HY-N3558

Ceanothic acid Emmolic acid	Bacterial	Infection Cancer
Ceanothic acid (Emmolic acid) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid. Ceanothic acid inhibits the growth of various oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. Ceanothic acid scavenges DPPH and H₂O₂ free radicals. Ceanothic acid inhibits acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced writhing response, xylene-induced ear swelling, and carrageenan-induced paw swelling in mice. Ceanothic acid can be used in research related to oral bacterial infections, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, and liver injury .

HY-129143

Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride 1 Publications Verification Dp3‐Sam chloride	Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3‐Sam) chloride is an anthocyanin that has orally active anti-inflammatory activity. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factors release. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride also alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD rats. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride can be isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. .

HY-N7015

Zerumbone 2 Publications Verification	EBV Caspase Apoptosis Bacterial	Infection Cancer
Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity .

HY-W050088

Isoxepac HP 549	Drug Derivative	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Isoxepac (HP 549) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Isoxepac can inhibit Carrageenan (HY-125474) paw oedema, adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, and prostaglandin synthesis. Isoxepac (200 mg) has an analgesic effect after meniscectomy with a low incidence of side effects. Isoxepac can be used in the research of inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis) and pain-related diseases .

HY-P1192

GR-73632	Neurokinin Receptor	Neurological Disease
GR-73632 is a tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist. GR-73632 activates spinal NK1 receptors to induce scratching, biting and licking behaviors. GR-73632 activates peripheral NK1 receptors to trigger lacrimation in guinea pigs, and activates central NK1 receptors to induce repetitive hind paw tapping behavior in gerbils. GR-73632 is applicable to research related to pruritus .

HY-P99110

Lanadelumab SHP643; DX-2930; X124-G01	Kallikrein	Inflammation/Immunology
Lanadelumab (SHP643) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against plasma kallikrein (pKal) with an K_i value of 0.12 nM. Lanadelumab inhibits both free and HMWK (high molecular weight kininogen)-bound pKal. Lanadelumab has the potential for the research of hereditary angioedema .

HY-W109812

Sinapyl alcohol	COX	Inflammation/Immunology
Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 .

HY-W021267

3-Demethylcolchicine	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Inflammation/Immunology
3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite and anti-inflammatory agent, exhibits potent tubulin-binding activity. 3-Demethylcolchicine inhibits carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. 3-Demethylcolchicine bears a hydroxyl group on its carbocyclic ring; this group participates in free radical scavenging processes, allowing it to act as a free radical scavenger. 3-Demethylcolchicine is applicable to studies related to carrageenan-induced paw edema .

HY-172458

Z-3578 1 Publications Verification	Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR) TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
Z-3578 is an orally active small-molecule antagonist of MrgX2 with potent antipseudoallergic activity, exhibiting a K_D value of 729 nM. Z-3578 effectively inhibits mast cell degranulation induced by substance P (SP) and C48/80, suppresses the release of β-hexosaminidase, significantly reduces the release of histamine and TNF-α, and decreases intracellular calcium flux. In a mouse pseudoallergy model, Z-3578 significantly alleviates paw swelling and dye extravasation, and reduces serum histamine levels. Z-3578 can be used for the study of pseudoallergic reactions .

HY-134820

MLT-943	MALT1	Inflammation/Immunology
MLT-943 is a potent, selective and orally active MALT1 protease inhibitor. MLT-943 inhibits stimulated-IL-2 secretion in PBMC or in whole blood with a similar IC₅₀ across species (0.07-0.09 μM in PBMC, 0.6-0.8 μM in whole blood). MLT-943 has anti-inflammatory activities and can be used for FcgR-mediated inflammation research .

HY-A0235

Antrafenine Stakane	COX	Neurological Disease
Antrafenine (Stakane) is a non-narcotic analgesic. Antrafenine demonstrates central analgesic effects in acetic acid writhing test and mouse hot plate test experiments. Antrafenine significantly alleviates the pain of osteoarthritis. Antrafenine exhibits mild anti-inflammatory activity in a rat toe edema model. Antrafenine can be used in pain and anti-inflammatory research .

HY-10794

MF498 1 Publications Verification	Prostaglandin Receptor	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
MF498 is a selective and orally active E prostanoid Receptor 4 (EP4) antagonist with a K_i value of 0.7 nM. MF498 can be used in the research of inflammation, such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis .

HY-N10341

Centaureidin	IFNAR ROCK	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Centaureidin is an orally active IFN-promoter that can be isolated from Bidens pilosa with an EC₅₀ of 0.9 μg/mL. Centaureidin activates the Rho signal pathway, leading to actin and tubulin disassembly, and resulting in dendrite retraction and stress fiber formation in melanocytes. Centaureidin shows high tumor cell growth inhibitory activities. Centaureidin significantly inhibits paw edema in mice ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

HY-177435

FAPI-800CW	FAP	Inflammation/Immunology
FAPI-800CW is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent-labeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor. FAPI-800CW shows specific uptake in inflamed paws in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice. FAPI-800CW can be used for in vivo molecular imaging of FAP expression in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to monitor joint inflammation and disease activity .

HY-17484

Ampiroxicam 2 Publications Verification CP 65703	Drug Derivative	Inflammation/Immunology
Ampiroxicam is an orally active prodrug of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ampiroxicam inhibits paw swelling in adjuvant-induced arthritis and acute inflammation models, and suppresses phenylbenzoquinone-induced stretching responses in mice. Ampiroxicam is rapidly and completely converted to Piroxicam (HY-B0253) via non-specific esterases and first-pass metabolism. Ampiroxicam induces contact hypersensitivity and photosensitivity reactions through photoproducts generated by UVA. Ampiroxicam can be used in research related to photosensitivity, adjuvant-induced arthritis, rheumatism, osteoarthritis and other inflammatory diseases .

HY-116005

A-286501	Adenosine Kinase	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
A-286501 is an orally active and potent carbocyclic nucleoside adenosine kinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.47 nM, which shows analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. A-286501 reduces nociception in animal models of acute (thermal), inflammatory (formalin and carrageenan) and neuropathic (L5/L6 nerve ligation and streptozotocin-induced diabetic) pain. A-286501 also reduces Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase activity in the injured paw. A-286501 is promising for research of analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents .

HY-N11072

Tremulacin	Lipoxygenase Leukotriene Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP	Inflammation/Immunology
Tremulacin is a 5-LOX inhibitor. Tremulacin reduces the biosynthesis of LTB₄ and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Tremulacin alleviates carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, croton oil-induced ear edema in mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Tremulacin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated ROS production and MMP-1 expression, and promotes collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. Tremulacin is investigated for studies on inflammation-related diseases .

HY-113042

Prostaglandin B2	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Endocrinology
Prostaglandin B2 is a prostaglandin. Prostaglandin B2 is the main substance in cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, to inhibit DC-T Cell proliferation. Prostaglandin B2 also induces cutaneous vasoconstriction of the canine hind paw .

HY-14840A

(R)-Phenylpiracetam MRZ 9547	Dopamine Transporter	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
(R)-Phenylpiracetam (MRZ 9547) is a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor (K_i: 14.8 μM; IC₅₀: 65.5 μM). (R)-Phenylpiracetam can be used for the research of the neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders .

HY-167862A

UCM-05194 ammonium	LPL Receptor	Neurological Disease
UCM-05194 (ammonium) is a lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) agonist. UCM-05194 (ammonium) induces calcium mobilization in LPA1-expressing RH7777 cells (EC₅₀ = 0.24 µM). UCM-05194 (ammonium) induces neurite retraction and migration in LPA1-overexpressing B103 rat neuroblastoma cells. UCM-05194 (ammonium) attenuates acetic acid-induced writhing and hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity in mice .

HY-N7015R

Zerumbone (Standard)	EBV Reference Standards Caspase Apoptosis Bacterial	Infection
Zerumbone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zerumbone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity .

HY-127072

Amicoumacin A	Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Amicoumacin A is an orally active antibiotic. Amicoumacin A targets bacterial ribosomes and inhibits bacterial translation by stabilizing the interaction between mRNA and ribosomes. Amicoumacin A induces cancer cell death by targeting eukaryotic ribosomes. Amicoumacin A exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities, inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema, and prevents stress-induced gastric ulcers. Amicoumacin A inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Helicobacter pylori, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Amicoumacin A can be used in the research of lung cancer, breast cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory edema and gastric ulcers ^[2] .

HY-404056

(R)-AZ8838	Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)	Inflammation/Immunology
(R)-AZ8838 is a competitive PAR2 antagonist with a pK_i of 5.2 for human PAR2. (R)-AZ8838 exert anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of PAR2 agonist-induced paw oedema .

HY-N2478

Taraxasteryl acetate	Autophagy Parasite	Inflammation/Immunology
Taraxasteryl acetate is isolated from P. sagittalis,and has a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity. Taraxasterol acetate promotes RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. Taraxasteryl acetate relieves dextran, zymosan and arachidonic acid induced rat hind-paw edema. Taraxasteryl acetate can be used for the topical inflammation treatment ^{[1] ^{^{[2] ^.}}}

HY-15791

FR173657 FK-3657	Bradykinin Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
FR173657 is an orally active bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀: 0.56, 1.5, 2.9 nM for pig, rat, human B2 receptor respectively). FR173657 (p.o.) inhibits BK-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs (ED₅₀: 0.075 mg/kg). FR173657 (p.o.) also inhibits Carrageenin-induced paw oedema in mice (ED₅₀: 6.8 mg/kg). FR173657 can be used for research of inflammatory disease .

HY-N2196

Ajugasterone C	Others	Inflammation/Immunology
Ajugasterone C is an ecdysteroid isolated from Leuzea carthamoides. Ajugasterone C shows significant inhibitory effect at 100 mg/kg dose on rat paw oedema development due to Carrageenan-induced inflammation in Sprague Dawley rats .

HY-175250

TNF-α-IN-25	TNF Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
TNF-α-IN-25 is an orally active TNF-α inhibitor. TNF-α-IN-25 shows Fluorescence Polarization (FP) assay IC₅₀ of 103 nM in FP binding assays and L929 assay IC₅₀ of 505 nM in cell-based assays. TNF-α-IN-25 inhibits paw swelling in the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) arthritis model. TNF-α-IN-25 can be used for the study of arthritis .

HY-N8160

Dehydrocurdione	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Inflammation/Immunology
Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione interacts with Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 translocation followed by activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer. Dehydrocurdione suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-W995241

BPD	COX NF-κB	Inflammation/Immunology
BPD is a COX-2 and TAK1-NF-κB inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 18.5 μM for COX-2. BPD inhibits the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β at the transcriptional level. BPD has anti-inflammatory activity. BPD can inhibit Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and LPS-induced septic death .

HY-179429

NLRP3-IN-85	NOD-like Receptor (NLR) TNF Receptor Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
NLRP3-IN-85 (compound 5d) is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor that targets mitochondria in a ΔΨm-independent manner. NLRP3-IN-85 protects mitochondria from oxidative stress and inflammation damage and suppresses key inflammatory factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-6). NLRP3-IN-85 relives acute lung injury in mice and inhibits paw edema in rats. NLRP3-IN-85 can be used for acute lung injury (ALI) research .

HY-119298

AW-814141	p38 MAPK	Inflammation/Immunology
AW-814141 is a selective and orally active p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. AW-814141 has an IC₅₀ values of 100 nM and 158 nM for p38-α and β isoforms, respectively. AW-814141 can inhibit the production of TNF-α induced by LPS (HY-D1056). AW-814141 can inhibit paw edema in rats in a dose-dependent manner. AW-814141 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis .

HY-19295

TRK-530 sodium	CXCR	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
TRK-530 sodium is an orally active bisphosphonate. TRK-530 sodium inhibits CINC-1. TRK-530 sodium inhibits dental calculus formation. TRK-530 sodium also inhibits paw edema, joint destruction and osteomyelitis .

HY-141622

SDZ 224-015	Interleukin Related Caspase SARS-CoV	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
SDZ 224-015 is an orally active inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) converting enzyme and caspase-1. SDZ 224-015 possesses anti-COVID-19 activity, targeting M ^pro (IC₅₀ of 30 nM) .

HY-134521

Diclofenac amide	COX	Inflammation/Immunology
Diclofenac amide is a prodrug for Diclofenac sodium (HY-15037). Diclofenac amide is an orally active inhibitor for COX-1/2, that inhibits the production of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Diclofenac amide exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced rat paw edema model without causing gastric ulcer (300 μmol/kg) .

HY-178465

EP4 receptor antagonist 8	Prostaglandin Receptor Interleukin Related	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
EP4 receptor antagonist 8 is an orally active EP4 antagonist (human EP4 IC₅₀ = 6.40 nM). EP4 receptor antagonist 8 significantly reduced paw and joint swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage damage, pannus formation, and joint bone erosion in arthritis (AIA) mice in a dose-dependent manner. EP4 receptor antagonist 8 can be used for the study of inflammatory pain .

HY-124517

Burimamide	Histamine Receptor Adrenergic Receptor	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Burimamide is a blocker of histamine H2-receptor. Burimamide inhibits gastric acid secretion evoked by Pentagastrin (HY-A0261) or Gastrin. Burimamide also has alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity. Burimamide in combination with the H1-receptor antagonist Mepyramine (HY-B1281) shows anti-inflammatory activity in a rat paw edema model induced by Compound 48/80 (HY-115768) .

HY-W050088S

Isoxepac-d6 HP 549-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Drug Derivative	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Isoxepac-d₆ (HP 549-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Isoxepac (HY-W050088). Isoxepac (HP 549) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Isoxepac can inhibit Carrageenan (HY-125474) paw oedema, adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, and prostaglandin synthesis. Isoxepac (200 mg) has an analgesic effect after meniscectomy with a low incidence of side effects. Isoxepac can be used in the research of inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis) and pain-related diseases .

HY-P1441A

Mambalgin 1 TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Mambalgin 1 TFA is a selective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC₅₀ values are 192 and 72 nM for human ASIC1a and ASIC1a/1b dimer, respectively). Mambalgin 1 TFA binds to closed/inactive channel. Mambalgin 1 TFA is selective for ASIC1a over ASIC2a, ASIC3, TRPV1, P2X2, 5-HT3, Nav1.8, Cav3.2 and Kv1.2 channels. Mambalgin 1 TFA increases latency of withdrawal response in mouse tail-flick and paw-flick tests.

HY-116597

L-783483 F3MethylAA	PPAR	Inflammation/Immunology
L-783483 (F3MethylAA) is an agonist for PPARδ. L-783483 ameliorates Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced paw edema in mice .

HY-155405

Anti-inflammatory agent 64	ROS Kinase Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
Anti-inflammatory agent 64 (compound 4b) inhibits the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. Anti-inflammatory agent 64 has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Anti-inflammatory agent 64 can effectively reduce paw edema .

HY-133166

A-889425	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease
A-889425 is an oral active selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist with the with an IC₅₀ of 335 nM (rat) and 34 nM (human). A-889425 has good penetration into the CNS and reduces mechanical allodynia and spinal neuron responses to mechanical stimulation of Complete Freund's adjuvant (HY-153808)-inflamed rat hind paws .

HY-131986

LASSBio-1135	TRP Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
LASSBio-1135 (Compound 3a) is an orally active TRPV1 antagonist. LASSBio-1135 is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic compound. LASSBio-1135 inhibits moderately the human PGHS-2 enzyme activity (IC₅₀ = 18.5 μM). LASSBio-1135 reverts the Capsaicin (HY-10448)-induced thermal hyperalgesia and reduces the carrageenan-induced rat paw edem .

HY-N2478R

Taraxasteryl acetate (Standard)	Autophagy Reference Standards	Inflammation/Immunology
Taraxasteryl acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taraxasteryl acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taraxasteryl acetate is isolated from P. sagittalis,and has a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity. Taraxasterol acetate promotes RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. Taraxasteryl acetate relieves dextran, zymosan and arachidonic acid induced rat hind-paw edema. Taraxasteryl acetate can be used for the topical inflammation treatment .

HY-114565

LY221068	Lipoxygenase Enterovirus	Inflammation/Immunology
LY221068 is an anti-oxidant and an orally active, potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and 5-lipoxygenase with antiinflammatory properties. LY221068 inhibits bone damage and paw swelling in the Freund's Complete adjuvant (HY-153808) induced arthritis (FCA) model of rats. LY221068 is promising for research of arthritis .

HY-111164

CBS-3595	p38 MAPK Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Inflammation/Immunology
CBS-3595 is a dual inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase and phosphodiesterase 4 with anti-inflammatory and anti-allodynic activities. CBS-3595 reduces the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and increases the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in rats. CBS-3595 reduces paw oedema formation in the Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (HY-153808)-induced arthritis rat model. CBS-3595 is promising for research of autoimmune diseases .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P5581

Alloferon 1	Peptides	Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Alloferon 1 is an antiviral and antitumoral peptide. Alloferon 1 stimulates natural cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Alloferon 1 also induces IFN synthesis, and enhances antiviral and antitumor resistance in mice. Alloferon 1 also shows anti-inflammatory activity in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Alloferon 1 can be isolated from the blood of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera) .

HY-P1192

GR-73632	Neurokinin Receptor	Neurological Disease
GR-73632 is a tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist. GR-73632 activates spinal NK1 receptors to induce scratching, biting and licking behaviors. GR-73632 activates peripheral NK1 receptors to trigger lacrimation in guinea pigs, and activates central NK1 receptors to induce repetitive hind paw tapping behavior in gerbils. GR-73632 is applicable to research related to pruritus .

HY-P1441A

Mambalgin 1 TFA	Sodium Channel	Neurological Disease
Mambalgin 1 TFA is a selective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC₅₀ values are 192 and 72 nM for human ASIC1a and ASIC1a/1b dimer, respectively). Mambalgin 1 TFA binds to closed/inactive channel. Mambalgin 1 TFA is selective for ASIC1a over ASIC2a, ASIC3, TRPV1, P2X2, 5-HT3, Nav1.8, Cav3.2 and Kv1.2 channels. Mambalgin 1 TFA increases latency of withdrawal response in mouse tail-flick and paw-flick tests.

HY-P5875

P4pal10	Protease Activated Receptor (PAR)	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
P4pal10 is an antagonist for protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). P4pal10 inhibits the platelet aggregation, inhibits tissue factor (TF)-induced thrombin generation, and exhibits anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. P4pal10 reduces the oedema and the granulocyte infiltration induced by Carrageenan (HY-125474). P4pal10 ameliorates the injury in mice myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models .

HY-P1336A

Deltorphin I TFA Deltorphin 1 TFA; Deltorphin C TFA; [D-Ala2] Deltorphin I TFA	Opioid Receptor	Neurological Disease
Deltorphin I TFA (Deltorphin 1 TFA; Deltorphin C TFA; [D-Ala2] Deltorphin I TFA) is a high-affinity, selective δ-opioid receptor agonist that targets the δ1 and δ2 opioid receptor subtypes. Deltorphin I TFA produces analgesic effects in the rat spinal cord. Deltorphin I TFA increases the pain threshold in rats. Deltorphin I TFA can be used in studies related to nociception (acute pain) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P99110

Lanadelumab SHP643; DX-2930; X124-G01	Kallikrein	Inflammation/Immunology
Lanadelumab (SHP643) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against plasma kallikrein (pKal) with an K_i value of 0.12 nM. Lanadelumab inhibits both free and HMWK (high molecular weight kininogen)-bound pKal. Lanadelumab has the potential for the research of hereditary angioedema .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N0171A

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) 15+ Cited Publications β-Sitosterol (purity>98%); 22,23-Dihydrostigmasterol (purity>98%)	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Glycine max (L.) merr Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Bacterial Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MDM-2/p53 Caspase PARP MMP Bcl-2 Family HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase TNF Receptor Interleukin Related NF-κB mTOR Lactate Dehydrogenase CDK Glutathione Peroxidase SOD
Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

HY-N6028

Darutoside 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Compositae Tephrosia candida DC. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	COX NF-κB Interleukin Related TNF Receptor
Darutoside is an orally effective diterpene compound with significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing promotion, and immunomodulatory activities. Darutoside reduces edema and pain responses by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and the migration of inflammatory cells. It regulates macrophage polarization towards the M2 type by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, alleviating inflammation and promoting wound healing. Through multi-target regulation of metabolic networks, Darutoside significantly alleviates acute gouty arthritis .

HY-100845

Salvinorin A Divinorin A	Terpenoids Labiatae Diterpenoids Plants Vachellia nilotica (L.) P. J. H. Hurter & Mabb. Source Classification	Opioid Receptor
Salvinorin A is a potent, unique and short-acting high efficacy kappa-opioid receptor (KOPr) agonist with K_i value of 4.3 nm. Salvinorin A is a non-nitrogenous neoclerodane isolated from Salvia divinorum.

HY-N1205

Spathulenol	other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Aristolochia yunnanensis Plants Aristolochiaceae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Others
Spathulenol is isolated from Aristolochia yunnanensis, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activities. Spathulenol shows a high antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ of 85.60 μg/mL in the DPPH system ^[1].

HY-N3558

Ceanothic acid Emmolic acid	Other Terpenoids Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Bacterial
Ceanothic acid (Emmolic acid) is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid. Ceanothic acid inhibits the growth of various oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. Ceanothic acid scavenges DPPH and H₂O₂ free radicals. Ceanothic acid inhibits acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced writhing response, xylene-induced ear swelling, and carrageenan-induced paw swelling in mice. Ceanothic acid can be used in research related to oral bacterial infections, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, and liver injury .

HY-129143

Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride 1 Publications Verification Dp3‐Sam chloride	Malvaceae Structural Classification Flavonoids Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Plants Other Flavonoids	Apoptosis
Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3‐Sam) chloride is an anthocyanin that has orally active anti-inflammatory activity. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factors release. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride also alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD rats. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride can be isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. .

HY-N7015

Zerumbone 2 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Zingiber zerumbet Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Zingiberaceae	EBV Caspase Apoptosis Bacterial
Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity .

HY-W109812

Sinapyl alcohol	Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Source Classification	COX
Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 .

HY-W021267

3-Demethylcolchicine	Alkaloids Structural Classification Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Phenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite and anti-inflammatory agent, exhibits potent tubulin-binding activity. 3-Demethylcolchicine inhibits carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. 3-Demethylcolchicine bears a hydroxyl group on its carbocyclic ring; this group participates in free radical scavenging processes, allowing it to act as a free radical scavenger. 3-Demethylcolchicine is applicable to studies related to carrageenan-induced paw edema .

HY-N10341

Centaureidin	Flavonoids Flavones Tanacetum microphyllum DC. Plants Compositae Source Classification	IFNAR ROCK
Centaureidin is an orally active IFN-promoter that can be isolated from Bidens pilosa with an EC₅₀ of 0.9 μg/mL. Centaureidin activates the Rho signal pathway, leading to actin and tubulin disassembly, and resulting in dendrite retraction and stress fiber formation in melanocytes. Centaureidin shows high tumor cell growth inhibitory activities. Centaureidin significantly inhibits paw edema in mice ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

HY-N7694

Isotoosendanin 1 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc. Plants Meliaceae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	TGF-β Receptor JAK STAT Apoptosis
Isotoosendanin is an orally active TGFβR1 inhibitor and abrogating its kinase activity (IC₅₀ = 6732 nM). Isotoosendanin inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by directly targeting SHP-2, enhancing its stability, and reducing its ubiquitination. Isotoosendanin inhibits TGF-β-induced reduces the migration, invasion, and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Isotoosendanin exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in TNBC xenograft models and A549 xenograft tumors. Isotoosendanin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema tests. Isotoosendanin can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TNBC and inflammation .

HY-N11072

Tremulacin	Structural Classification Natural Products Plants Maclurodendron oligophlebium (Merrill) T. G. Hartley Salicaceae Source Classification	Lipoxygenase Leukotriene Receptor Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP
Tremulacin is a 5-LOX inhibitor. Tremulacin reduces the biosynthesis of LTB₄ and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Tremulacin alleviates carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, croton oil-induced ear edema in mice, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Tremulacin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated ROS production and MMP-1 expression, and promotes collagen secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. Tremulacin is investigated for studies on inflammation-related diseases .

HY-113042

Prostaglandin B2	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Prostaglandin B2 is a prostaglandin. Prostaglandin B2 is the main substance in cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, to inhibit DC-T Cell proliferation. Prostaglandin B2 also induces cutaneous vasoconstriction of the canine hind paw .

HY-N7015R

Zerumbone (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Zingiber zerumbet Plants Source Classification Zingiberaceae	EBV Reference Standards Caspase Apoptosis Bacterial
Zerumbone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zerumbone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zerumbone is an orally active natural cyclic sesquiterpene and can be isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. Zerumbone has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-mutagenic activity .

HY-127072

Amicoumacin A	Structural Classification Microorganisms Antibiotics Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Antibiotic Bacterial
Amicoumacin A is an orally active antibiotic. Amicoumacin A targets bacterial ribosomes and inhibits bacterial translation by stabilizing the interaction between mRNA and ribosomes. Amicoumacin A induces cancer cell death by targeting eukaryotic ribosomes. Amicoumacin A exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities, inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema, and prevents stress-induced gastric ulcers. Amicoumacin A inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Helicobacter pylori, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Amicoumacin A can be used in the research of lung cancer, breast cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory edema and gastric ulcers ^[2] .

HY-N2478

Taraxasteryl acetate	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Astragalus oleifolius DC. Plants Compositae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Autophagy Parasite
Taraxasteryl acetate is isolated from P. sagittalis,and has a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity. Taraxasterol acetate promotes RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. Taraxasteryl acetate relieves dextran, zymosan and arachidonic acid induced rat hind-paw edema. Taraxasteryl acetate can be used for the topical inflammation treatment ^{[1] ^{^{[2] ^.}}}

HY-N2196

Ajugasterone C	Classification of Application Fields Ranunculaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel Steroids Source Classification	Others
Ajugasterone C is an ecdysteroid isolated from Leuzea carthamoides. Ajugasterone C shows significant inhibitory effect at 100 mg/kg dose on rat paw oedema development due to Carrageenan-induced inflammation in Sprague Dawley rats .

HY-N8160

Dehydrocurdione	Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Zingiberaceae	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Dehydrocurdione, a zedoary-derived sesquiterpene, induces heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an antioxidative enzyme, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Dehydrocurdione interacts with Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 translocation followed by activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer. Dehydrocurdione suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release, a marker of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N2478R

Taraxasteryl acetate (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Astragalus oleifolius DC. Plants Compositae Source Classification	Autophagy Reference Standards
Taraxasteryl acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taraxasteryl acetate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taraxasteryl acetate is isolated from P. sagittalis,and has a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory activity. Taraxasterol acetate promotes RNF31 degradation by activating autophagy. Taraxasteryl acetate relieves dextran, zymosan and arachidonic acid induced rat hind-paw edema. Taraxasteryl acetate can be used for the topical inflammation treatment .

HY-148925

α-Amyrenone	Triterpenes Byrsonima crassa Nied. Terpenoids Malpighiaceae Plants Source Classification	Glycosidase
α-Amyrenone is a triterpenoid that occurs naturally in very low concentrations in several oleoresins from Brazilian Amazon species of Protium (Burseraceae). The mixture of α and β-amyrenone inhibits α-glucosidase, and can reduce mechanical hypersensitivity and paw-oedema induced by carrageenan .

HY-W109812R

Sinapyl alcohol (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Source Classification	COX Reference Standards
Sinapyl alcohol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sinapyl alcohol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2[1].

HY-129143R

Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride (Standard) Dp3‐Sam chloride (Standard)	Malvaceae Flavonoids Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Plants Other Flavonoids	Reference Standards Others
Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside (Dp3‐Sam) chloride is an anthocyanin that has orally active anti-inflammatory activity. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory factors release. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride also alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD rats. Delphinidin-3-sambubioside chloride can be isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. .

HY-N17743

Deltoin	Structural Classification Simsia foetida (Cav.) S.F.Blake Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Source Classification	Drug Derivative NO Synthase
Deltoin is a Coumarine derivative. Deltoin can be isolated from Seseli resinosum. Deltoin shows inhibitory activity on NO. Deltoin causes a significant inhibition against paw oedema. Deltoin shows anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-N18124

1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal	Structural Classification Melia azedarach Linn. Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Plants Meliaceae Source Classification	Others
1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal is an orally active limonoid-type triterpenoid anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic agent isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal significantly inhibits acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced increase in vascular permeability, λ-Carrageenan (HY-N9470)-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal shows no significant analgesic effect in the hot-plate test, and acts mainly on the peripheral rather than the central nervous system. 1-O-Tigloyl-1-O-debenzoylohchinal can be widely used in the research of acute or chronic inflammation, stomachache and other related diseases .

HY-N19464

Dicentrinone	Structural Classification Alkaloids Duguetia surinamensis R.E.Fr. Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Annonaceae Source Classification	PDI
Dicentrinone is an orally active PDI inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 43.95 μM. Dicentrinone directly binds to PDI and suppresses cell proliferation and reduces cancer cell viability. Dicentrinone elicits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by suppressing leukocyte migration, plasma leakage and paw edema, and scavenging free radicals. Dicentrinone can be used in the research of hepatoma, rheumatism and arthritis .

HY-N19870

Verbascosaponin Ilwensisaponin A; Mimengoside A	Triterpenes Structural Classification Scrophularia auriculata L. Terpenoids Scrophulariaceae Plants Source Classification	Others
Verbascosaponin (Ilwensisaponin A) is an orally active oleanane-triterpene saikosaponin found in crophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata. Verbascosaponin can be used for the research of inflammation .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-W050088S

Isoxepac-d6

Isoxepac-d₆ (HP 549-d₆) is the deuterium labeled Isoxepac (HY-W050088). Isoxepac (HP 549) is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Isoxepac can inhibit Carrageenan (HY-125474) paw oedema, adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, and prostaglandin synthesis. Isoxepac (200 mg) has an analgesic effect after meniscectomy with a low incidence of side effects. Isoxepac can be used in the research of inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis) and pain-related diseases .

HY-W747879

Diclofenac Amide-13C6

Diclofenac Amide- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled Diclofenac amide (HY-134521). Diclofenac amide is a prodrug for Diclofenac sodium (HY-15037). Diclofenac amide is an orally active inhibitor for COX-1/2, that inhibits the production of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Diclofenac amide exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced rat paw edema model without causing gastric ulcer (300 μmol/kg) .

HY-W109812S

Sinapyl alcohol-d3
Sinapyl alcohol-d₃ is the deuterated labeled Sinapyl alcohol (HY-W109812). Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2 .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-N0171A

Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) 15+ Cited Publications β-Sitosterol (purity>98%); 22,23-Dihydrostigmasterol (purity>98%)		Cholesterol
Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98%) is orally active. Beta-Sitosterol exhibits multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant enzyme, and analgesic. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing levels of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and restoring the activity of the HIF-1α/mTOR signaling pathway. Beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and p53 activation. Beta-Sitosterol exerts its anticancer effects in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, mediating PARP inactivation, MMP loss, altered Bcl-2-Bax ratio, and cytochrome c release. Beta-Sitosterol modulates macrophage polarization and reduces rheumatoid inflammation in mice. Beta-Sitosterol inhibits tumor growth in multiple mouse cancer models. Beta-Sitosterol can be used in the research of arthritis, lung cancer, breast cancer and other cancers, diabetes, etc .

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