Pentacyclic Triterpenoids

Friedelin is derived from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia (Mart). Friedelin is an orally active non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, with IC₅₀ and K_i values of 10.79 μM and 6.16 μM, respectively. Friedelin is also a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1, with IC₅₀ and K_i values of 22.54 μM and 18.02 μM, respectively. Friedelin can be used in research related to inflammation, neurological diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Ciwujianoside C3, an orally active and brain penetrated compound, is isolated the leaves of Acanthopanax henryi Harms. Ciwujianoside C3 has anti-inflammatory effect and can reinforces object recognition memory.

QS-21 is a mixture of QS-21-Xyl (HY-101092B) and QS-21-Api (HY-101092), with a ratio of 35:65. QS-21 is an innate immune system-targeted adjuvant. QS-21 is promising for research of oncology vaccines (e.g., melanoma) and infectious disease vaccines (e.g., HIV, malaria).

QS-21-Xyl is a active component of QS-21 (HY-101092A). QS-21 is a natural vaccine adjuvant and induces a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, particularly cellular immunity.

Theasaponin E2 shows cytotoxicity against K562 and HL60 cells (IC₅₀: 14.7 μg/mL). Theasaponin E2 can be isolated from Camellia sinensis.

Diplopterol is a hopane compound that can be purified from Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1. Diplopterol acts as a sterol substitute.

Hydroxysaikosaponin D is a hepatocytoprotective saponin found in the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium WILLD. Hydroxysaikosaponin D inhibits D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Hydroxysaikosaponin D mitigates D-galactosamine/LPS-induced liver injury in mice. Hydroxysaikosaponin D can be used for the research of liver injury.

Congmuyenoside I is a triterpenoid saponin. Congmuyenoside I mediates neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced cellular damage. Congmuyenoside I can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.

β-Amyrenonol (11-Oxo-β-amyrin), an oleanolic-type triterpenoid in licorice roots, is a precursor of Glycyrrhetinic acid. β-Amyrenonol has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities, and β-Amyrenonol could function as the skeleton for the synthesis of many triterpenoids.

QS 7 (QS 7 Api) is a triterpene saponin found in the bark of Quillaja saponaria and immune adjuvant with immune response potentiator activity. QS 7 can be used as vaccine adjuvant for the research of antitumor and antiviral vaccine development.

Celosin H is a hepatoprotective triterpenoid saponin that can be isolated from Celosiae Semen.

Dipsacus saponin X (compound 7) is a triterpenoid saponin that stimulates the proliferation of UMR106 cells and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in UMR106 cells (4 μM).

Molluscicidal agent-1 (Compound 3) is a saponin that can be isolated from S.vesicaria.

Kudinoside D is a triterpenoid saponin. Kudinoside D is isolated from the leaves of Ilex kudingcha. Kudinoside D enhances the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and its downstream molecule ACC, and inhibits the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c as well as the target genes of adipogenic transcription factors. Kudinoside D inhibits the activity of ANO1. Kudinoside D possesses hypolipidemic activity. Kudinoside D can be used in obesity-related research.

HN-saponin F (Pulsatilla saponin B) is an orally active triterpenoid saponin found in Lonicera macranthoides. HN-saponin F exerts anti-inflammatory activity by regulating inflammation-related pathways (e.g., inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor release). HN-saponin F is promising for research of inflammatory diseases.

Celosin K (compound 8) can be isolated from the seeds of Semen Celosiae. Celosin K is a potent inhibitor of neuron injury elicited by t-BHP. Celosin K inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis, and acts of autophagy.

Lupeol palmitate is a natural compound with antiulcer activities. Lupeol palmitate has a gastroprotective action.

Kalopanaxsaponin I (Septemloside I) is an oleanane-type triterpenoid that exists in the fruits of Stauntonia brachyanthera. Kalopanaxsaponin I inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages, with a IC₅₀ of 80.25 μM.

Amarolide 11-acetate is a quassinoid, can be found in the barks of Ailanthus altissima.Amarolide 11-acetate exhibits nearly inactive cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells.