Pentacyclic Triterpenoids

Hemslonin A is a triterpenoid found in the tubers of Hemsleya chinensis.

Kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside (Compound 11) is a flavonol glycoside. Kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside can be isolated from the pomace of Hippophae rhamnoides.

Machaeric acid is a triterpenoid and triterpene sapogenin, which serves as the aglycone of Senegaloside A; it can be isolated from the seeds of Caragana microphylla Lam. and Acacia senegal(Mimosaceae). Machaeric acid exhibits remarkable biosafety, and even at concentrations as high as 200 μM, it does not induce cytotoxicity or reduce the viability of H4IIE rat hepatoma cells.

Hemsloside G1 is a saponin that found in the rhizome of Hemsleya graciliflora.

Kalopanaxsaponin H is an hederagenin glycoside (saponin) with no hypoglycemic activity upon intraperitoneal injection. Kalopanaxsaponin H can be metabolized by human intestinal bacteria into Kalopanaxsaponin I, Kalopanaxsaponin A, hederagenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside and hederagenin, among which Kalopanaxsaponin I and hederagenin are the main metabolites. Kalopanaxsaponin H is isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus and is used in diabetes-related research.

Medicagenic acid 3-O-glucoside is a monosaccharide-chain triterpenoid saponin antifungal agent that can be isolated from the roots of Medicago sativa. Against Pyricularia oryzae, Medicagenic acid 3-O-glucoside has a MIC of 0.03 mg/mL and a MFC of 0.125 mg/mL. Medicagenic acid 3-O-glucoside alters the permeability of fungal cell membranes, causing cell rupture and inhibiting fungal growth. Medicagenic acid 3-O-glucoside can be used in studies related to rice blast.

Pulsatilloside D is a triterpene glycoside. Pulsatilloside D induces cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Pulsatilloside D can be used for the research of leukemia and cervical cancer.

Saikosaponin bk1 is a NADPH-oxidase 5(NOX5) dehydrogenase domain binder and hepatoprotective agent. Saikosaponin bk1 forms stable interactions with the dehydrogenase domain of NOX5 from Cylindrospermum stagnale. Saikosaponin bk1 is applicable to research related to COVID-19 and alcoholic liver injury.

Hemsloside H1 is an oleanolic acid-type bisdesmosidic saponin that can be isolated from the rhizomes of Hemsleya chinensis.

Ilekudinol B is an inhibitor of ACAT and PTP1B, with an IC₅₀ of 5.3 μM and a K_i of 11.6 μM against human PTP1B. Ilekudinol B inhibits the classical pathway of the complement system, with an IC₅₀ of 51 μM. Ilekudinol B inhibits TNF-α-induced cellular IL-8 secretion, promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle myotubes, and acts as an insulin mimetic and insulin sensitizer. Ilekudinol B can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory diseases.

3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester is an anti-fungal triterpene saponin. 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester can be isolated from the aerial parts of Clematis tangutica. 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester exhibits antifungal activity against fungal strains (P. avellaneum, C. glabrata, S. cerevisiae, T. beigelii), with the strongest activity against S. cerevisiae.

3β-Hydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-diene (Compound 5) is a triterpene found in the roots of Angelica cartilagino-marginata var. foliata.

Esculentoside R (Compound 7) is a triterpenoid saponin (bisdesmoside). Acid hydrolysis of Esculentoside R yields esculentic acid, glucose, xylose and rhamnose.

Septemloside II (Compound 6) is a triterpene saponin found in the dried stem bark of Kalopanax pictus (Kalopanacis Cortex).

1α,2α,19α-Trihydroxyursonic acid (compound 1) is a triterpenoid compound that found in the aerial parts of Rubus xanthocarpus.

Loniceroside A is a triterpenoid saponin found in the aerial parts of Lonicera japonica.

Oplopanaxoside C (Wujiapioside B) is a lupane-triterpene glycoside found in the leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus.

Avicin G is a sphingomyelinase inhibitor and plasma membrane disruptor. Avicin G inhibits the enzymatic activities of neutral sphingomyelinases (SMPD2/3) and acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1), elevates intracellular sphingomyelin levels, and alters the distribution of sphingomyelin. Avicin G interferes with the lateral segregation of GTP- and GDP-bound H-Ras, inhibits the signal output of oncogenic K-Ras and H-Ras, reduces the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, increases lysosomal pH, and inhibits the endocytic recycling of epidermal growth factor receptor. Avicin G can be used in research related to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

3-O-Arabinopyranosyl siaresinolic acid is a triterpenoid found in the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis. 3-O-Arabinopyranosyl siaresinolic acid shows no activity against cancer cells.

Ecliptasaponin B (compound 7) is a triterpenoid saponin and growth inhibitor present in the leaves of Aralia elata Seem.