Acetic acid lead 

Acetic acid lead is a carboxylic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs). Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate activates AMPK, increases ROS, cleaved caspase 9, PPARα, downregulates SREBP-1c, ChREBP expression. Acetic acid lead exhibits antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A. Acetic acid lead regulates energy metabolism. Acetic acid lead has anticancer activity against gastric cancer. Acetic acid lead induces writhing reaction and ulcerative colitis. Acetic acid lead can be used in the researches for gastric cancer, ulcerative colitis, hepatic steatosis, and pain^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}.

Acetic acid lead (Acetic acid; 2-5 µM; 24 h) induces cancer cell-selective death in gastric cancer cells (RGK1) via oxidative stress, while having minor effects on normal gastric mucosal cells (RGM1)^[3].
Acetic acid lead (Acetic acid; 20-200 mM; 200 min) induces programmed cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A^[4].
Acetic acid lead (Acetic acid; 5 mM; 15 d) suppresses the increase in disaccharidase activity (sucrase, maltase, trehalase, lactase) in Caco-2 cells without affecting cell growth or glucose transport^[5].
Acetic acid lead (Acetic acid; 8-7.2 mM; 3 h) activates the AMPKα signaling pathway by consuming ATP to increase the AMP/ATP ratio in bovine hepatocytes, upregulating lipid oxidation genes, downregulating lipogenic genes, and reducing intracellular triglyceride content^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Acetic acid lead (0.10-0.56%; i.p.; single dose) produces concentration-dependent suppression of feeding behavior and robust writhing in male C57BL/6J mice, with maximal effects from the 0.56% dose lasting up to 60 minutes for feeding suppression^[7].
Acetic acid lead (5% v/v; i.r.; single dose) induces severe ulcerative colitis in male Kunming mice, characterized by high mortality, increased disease activity index, colon tissue damage, elevated neutrophil infiltration, and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine and NF-κB p65 expression^[8].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

447.43

C₂H₄O₂.1/4Pb

546-67-8

CC([O-])=O.[0.25Pb4+]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Syka JE, et al. Peptide and protein sequence analysis by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 29;101(26):9528-33.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Barbier Jr J, et al. Total oxidation of acetic acid in aqueous solutions over noble metal catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 1998, 177(2): 378-385.

  [3]. Terasaki M, et al. Acetic acid is an oxidative stressor in gastric cancer cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018 Jul;63(1):36-41.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Ludovico P, et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae commits to a programmed cell death process in response to acetic acid. Microbiology (Reading). 2001 Sep;147(Pt 9):2409-2415.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Ogawa N, et al. Acetic acid suppresses the increase in disaccharidase activity that occurs during culture of caco-2 cells. J Nutr. 2000 Mar;130(3):507-13.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Li X, et al. Acetic acid activates the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 4;8(7):e67880.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Stevenson GW, et al. Targeting pain-suppressed behaviors in preclinical assays of pain and analgesia: effects of morphine on acetic acid-suppressed feeding in C57BL/6J mice. J Pain. 2006 Jun;7(6):408-16.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Niu X, et al. Protective effect of sanguinarine against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Mar 15;267(3):256-65.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Granado-Serrano AB, et al. Faecal bacterial and short-chain fatty acids signature in hypercholesterolemia. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 11;9(1):1772.  [Content Brief]