Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate 

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is a type of isoprenoid metabolic intermediate, mainly synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is a key precursor in various biological synthesis processes, especially as a necessary substrate for post-translational modification of proteins - geranylgeranyl phosphorylation. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate regulates various cellular processes and disease progression through protein geranylgeranyl phosphorylation, such as activating the YAP signaling pathway, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis; promoting IL-2 production and STAT5 phosphorylation; and influencing metabolic homeostasis and cancer, etc^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 μM, 24 h) completely reverses the inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and the disorder of GLUT4 membrane translocation caused by Simvastatin (HY-17502) in C2C12 cells^[1].
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (25 μM, 72 h) regulates the TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation through linalyl modification^[2].
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 μM, 48 h) promotes hepatic lipid accumulation by prenylation of Perilipin4 in primary mouse liver cells^[3].
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 μM, 96 h) in primary CD4⁺ and CD25 T cells modifies Ras protein by geranylgeranylylation, activates the Ras/ERK pathway, promotes IL-2 expression, and thereby enhances STAT5 phosphorylation, driving T_reg cell differentiation^[4].
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 μM, 12 h) completely reverses the proliferation defect and cell apoptosis caused by GGPS1 knockdown or Simvastatin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells^[5].
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, when its levels are reduced, inhibits the geranylgeranylation of oncogenic GTPases, ultimately inducing cancer cell death^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily for 10 days) inhibits the inflammatory response mediated by Th1/Th17, thereby alleviating the mice colitis induced by DSS (HY-116282C)^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

450.44

C₂₀H₃₆O₇P₂

6699-20-3

O=P(O)(OP(O)(O)=O)OC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/C

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. Zhu L, et al. Dietary Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Counteracts the Benefits of Statin Therapy in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation. 2021 May 4;143(18):1775-1792.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Wang L, et al. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate depletion by statins compromises skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Dec;13(6):2697-2711.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Ross GR, et al. Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Promotes Profibrotic Factors and Collagen-Specific Chaperone HSP47 in Fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Dec;28(24):e70273.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Zhao Y, et al. Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Promotes Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Prenylation of Perilipin4. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;19(9):101546.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Pandit M, et al. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate amplifies Treg differentiation via increased IL-2 expression to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis. Eur J Immunol. 2021 Jun;51(6):1461-1472.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Waller DD, et al. Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and/or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and its implication in the treatment of cancers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2019 Feb;54(1):41-60.  [Content Brief]