Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Perspectives from Brazil

  • Open Microbiol J. 2017 Oct 31;11:224-282. doi: 10.2174/1874285801711010224.
Rinaldo Poncio Mendes  1 ,  Ricardo de Souza Cavalcante  1 ,  Sílvio Alencar Marques  2 ,  Mariângela Esther Alencar Marques  3 ,  James Venturini  4 ,  Tatiane Fernanda Sylvestre  1 ,  Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago  5 ,  Ana Carla Pereira  6 ,  Julhiany de Fátima da Silva  1 ,  Alexandre Todorovic Fabro  7 ,  Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco  8 ,  Eduardo Bagagli  8 ,  Rosane Christine Hahn  9 ,  Adriele Dandara Levorato  1
Affiliations
  • 1. Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 2. Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 3. Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 4. Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 5. Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina - Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Brazil.
  • 6. Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo State, Bauru, Brazil.
  • 7. Unit of Experimental Research, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 8. Department of Microbiology and Immunology - Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • 9. Laboratory of Investigation and Mycology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Faculty of Medicine Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
PMID: 29204222 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010224
Abstract

Background: This review article summarizes and updates the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis. P lutzii and the cryptic species of P. brasiliensis and their geographical distribution in Latin America, explaining the difficulties observed in the serological diagnosis.

Objectives: Emphasis has been placed on some genetic factors as predisposing condition for paracoccidioidomycosis. Veterinary aspects were focused, showing the wide distribution of Infection among Animals. The cell-mediated immunity was better characterized, incorporating the recent findings.

Methods: Serological methods for diagnosis were also compared for their parameters of accuracy, including the analysis of relapse.

Results: Clinical forms have been better classified in order to include the pictures less frequently observesiod.

Conclusion: Itraconazole and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination was compared regarding efficacy, effectiveness and safety, demonstrating that azole should be the first choice in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.

Keywords
Antifungal compounds; Endemic mycosis; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; Paracoccidioides lutzii; Paracoccidioidmycosis; Systemic mycosis.