CT-1
Based on 1 Customer Validation
CT-1 is a secreted protein belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family. Overexpression of CT-1 enhances cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis via the ADMA/DDAH pathway. CT-1 inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells by simultaneously inducing Ferroptosis in N2-type tumor-associated neutrophils and cancer cells. CT-1 activates the Jak/STAT-3, p42/p44 MAPK and AMPK pathways, and inhibits GSK-3β activity through phosphorylation to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CT-1 enhances the viability of cardiomyocytes and neurons, reduces cell Apoptosis, induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) and BNP, and inhibits TNF levels. CT-1 exerts anti-tumor activity in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. CT-1 improves cognitive impairment in mice. CT-1 is applicable to the research of ischemic heart disease, triple-negative breast cancer, myocardial hypertrophy, Parkinson's disease, hypertensive heart disease, myocardial infarction, acute Chagas cardiomyopathy, high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment and diabetes-related cognitive impairment.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.90%
- Formula: C23H22O6
- Molecular Weight:394.42
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Storage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
All AMPK Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Overexpression of CT-1 (48 h post-transfection) significantly promotes the proliferation and migration of HUVECs, enhances the capillary-like tube formation ability of cells, significantly upregulates the expression of eNOS mRNA, and increases the protein expression levels of DDAH I, DDAH II and VEGF[1].
Overexpression of CT-1 (48 h post-transfection) significantly reduces the level of ADMA in HUVECs, enhances DDAH activity, and increases NOS activity and NO production[1].
CT-1 (0.78-12.5 μM; 0-300 s) binds to purified human FTH1 and wild-type FTH1, with Kd values of 17.15 μM and 5.46 μM, respectively[2].
CT-1 (100 μM at room temperature; 1 h) interacts with FTH1 in 4T1 cell lysates and reduces the stability of FTH1 against pronase-mediated proteolysis[2].
CT-1 (0.5-16 μM; 24 h) inhibits the viability of 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and N2-type tumor-associated neutrophils (polarized HL-60 cells) in a dose-dependent manner[2].
CT-1 (24 h) inhibits the viability of primary mouse N2-like neutrophils with an IC50 of 7.16 μM[2].
CT-1 (0-8 μM; 24 h) increases intracellular Fe2+ levels and the GSSG/GSH ratio (a marker of oxidative stress), reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, promotes intracellular ROS production, induces cellular lipid peroxidation, and facilitates lysosomal autophagic degradation of FTH1 in 4T1 cells[2].
CT-1 (1-4 μM; 24 h) induces lipid peroxidation in N2-type tumor-associated neutrophils (polarized HL-60 cells)[2].
CT-1 (0.25-32 μM; 6 days) inhibits the growth and viability of triple-negative breast cancer organoids in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 2.35 to 6.74 μM across 3 PDO cell lines after 6 days of treatment[2].
CT-1 (0.1 nM or lower) potently induces volume overload-like hypertrophy in neonatal cardiomyocytes, enhances the survival rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in serum-free medium by reducing apoptosis, and upregulates the expression of ANP, BNP, hsp70 and hsp90 genes in cultured cardiomyocytes[3].
CT-1 (30 min) protects neonatal cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro from cell death and apoptosis induced by simulated hypoxia/ischemia stress, and this effect depends on the activation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway (which can be inhibited by 50 μM PD98059 (HY-12028))[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:4T1、MDA-MB-231 cells、N2-type TANs (polarized HL-60 cells)
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Concentration:0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited 4T1 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
Inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.
Inhibited N2-type TAN viability in a dose-dependent manner, with greater sensitivity observed compared to N1-type TANs.
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Cell Line:4T1 murine TNBC cells
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Concentration:4 μM; 5 μM MG132, 100 nM BafA1, or 10 μM CQ (co-treatment)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Induced FTH1 protein degradation.
Showed no reversal of this degradation by MG132 (proteasome inhibitor), while BafA1 and CQ (lysosomal inhibitors) significantly inhibited CT-1-mediated FTH1 degradation.
| Species | Dose | Route | T1/2 | Cmax | AUC0-∞ | AUC0-t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat[2] | 10 mg/kg | i.v. | 1.82 h | 4.52 mg/mL | 15.91 mg·h/L | 15.1 mg·h/L |
CT-1 (1 μg/day; i.c.v.; daily administration for 14 consecutive days) improves cognitive impairment in male C57BL/6 mice induced by a high-fat diet by reversing metabolic dysfunction, alleviating neuroinflammation, enhancing the hippocampal insulin/IGF signaling pathway, and restoring synaptic protein levels. It also ameliorates cognitive deficits, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and insulin signaling pathway defects in mice treated with ICV-Streptozotocin (STZ) (HY-13753) via activating AMPK[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:BALB/c (female, 4 weeks old, orthotopic EMT6 tumor model/orthotopic 4T1 tumor model/orthotopic 4T1 tumor model with neutrophil depletion and N2-type neutrophil adoptive transfer)[2]
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Dosage:5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg
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Administration:i.v.; daily; 14 days
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Result:Significantly reduced tumor weights.
Elevated ROS (DHE-positive staining) and lipid peroxidation (4-HNE-positive staining,).
Reduced FTH1 and GPX4 expression.
Extended mouse survival at 10 mg/kg.
Reduced neutrophils (CD11b+ Ly6G+), reduced pro-tumor N2-type TANs (CD206+), and increased anti-tumor N1-type TANs (NOS2+) in tumor immune microenvironments.
Maintained stable body weight, indicating no overt toxicity.
Diminished anti-tumor efficacy compared to non-depleted mice treated with CT-1.
Showed significantly less pronounced tumor volume and weight reduction.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (4-week-old male; high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment model)/(6-month-old, either sex, bilateral ICV injections of STZ on day 1 and day 3)[4]
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Dosage:1 μg/day
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Administration:intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection; daily; 14 consecutive days
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Result:Increased novel object recognition index by 45.4%.
Significantly decreased Morris water maze escape latencies from training day 3 onward, increased time spent in the target quadrant by 54.5%, and increased crossing-target number by 57.1%.
Reduced body weight gain in HFD-fed mice, and restored near-normal levels of blood insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and cholesterol.
Reduced hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α by 41.4% and IL-1β by 31.7%, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by 47.7%.
Increased hippocampal IRS-1 expression by 33.3%, reduced IRS-1 phosphorylation by 46.1%, increased Akt phosphorylation by 1.10-fold, and increased GSK-3β phosphorylation by 71.1%.
Increased hippocampal levels of postsynaptic protein PSD95 by 44.4% and dendritic spine-specific protein drebrin by 48.9%.
Significantly reduced escape latency in the Morris water maze hidden platform task compared to STZ-treated mice.
Increased crossing-target number in the probe test by 71.4% compared to STZ-treated mice.
Significantly improved mitochondrial function in STZ-treated mice, as shown by increased cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity, increased ATP levels, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).
Significantly increased synaptic density in the hippocampal CA1 region of STZ-treated mice.
Restored impaired hippocampal insulin signaling in STZ-treated mice, increasing expression levels of IRS-1, p-Akt, p-GSK-3β, and p-AMPK, and reducing expression levels of p-IRS-1.
Chemical Information
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 394.42
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Formula C23H22O6
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1(C)C)C=CC2=C1C=CC3=C2C(OC(C)=O)=C(OC(C)=O)C4=C3OC[C@@H]4C
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (126.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (294 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Zheng ZZ, et al. CT-1 induces angiogenesis by regulating the ADMA/DDAH Pathway. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(4):540-546. [Content Brief]
[2]. Liu Y, et al. Dual ferroptosis induction in N2-TANs and TNBC cells via FTH1 targeting: A therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Rep Med. 2025;6(1):101915. [Content Brief]
[3]. Latchman DS. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1): a novel hypertrophic and cardioprotective agent. Int J Exp Pathol. 1999 Aug;80(4):189-96. [Content Brief]
[4]. Wang D, et al. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) improves high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Neurochem Res. 2015;40(4):843-853. [Content Brief]
[5]. Wang D, et al. Treatment effects of Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) on streptozotocin-induced memory deficits in mice. Exp Gerontol. 2017;92:42-45. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5354 mL | 12.6768 mL | 25.3537 mL | 63.3842 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5071 mL | 2.5354 mL | 5.0707 mL | 12.6768 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2535 mL | 1.2677 mL | 2.5354 mL | 6.3384 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1690 mL | 0.8451 mL | 1.6902 mL | 4.2256 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1268 mL | 0.6338 mL | 1.2677 mL | 3.1692 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1014 mL | 0.5071 mL | 1.0141 mL | 2.5354 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0845 mL | 0.4226 mL | 0.8451 mL | 2.1128 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0634 mL | 0.3169 mL | 0.6338 mL | 1.5846 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0507 mL | 0.2535 mL | 0.5071 mL | 1.2677 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0423 mL | 0.2113 mL | 0.4226 mL | 1.0564 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0317 mL | 0.1585 mL | 0.3169 mL | 0.7923 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0254 mL | 0.1268 mL | 0.2535 mL | 0.6338 mL |
- CT-1
- CT1
- CT 1
- Ferroptosis
- JAK
- STAT
- p38 MAPK
- AMPK
- GSK-3
- Apoptosis
- HSP
- TNF Receptor
- secreted protein
- ischemic heart disease
- triple-negative breast cancer
- myocardial hypertrophy
- ischemic heart injury
- Parkinson's disease
- hypertensive heart disease
- myocardial infarction
- acute Chagas cardiomyopathy
- high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment
- diabetes-related cognitive impairment
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit