Cat. No.: HY-N0043

Ginsenoside Rd

(Synonyms: Gypenoside VIII)

1 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Ginsenoside Rd inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC₅₀ of 12.05±0.82 μM in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits Ca²⁺ influx. Ginsenoside Rd inhibits CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9, with IC₅₀s of 58.0±4.5 μM, 78.4±5.3 μM, 81.7±2.6 μM, and 85.1±9.1 μM, respectively.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.88%
CAS No.: 52705-93-8
Formula: C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈
Molecular Weight:947.15

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Ginsenoside Rd Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 52705-93-8

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]^[2]^{[4]

NF-κB
12.05 μM (IC₅₀, in HepG2 cells)

COX-2

L-type calcium channel

CYP2D6
58 μM (IC₅₀)

CYP1A2
78.4 μM (IC₅₀)

CYP3A4
81.7 μM (IC₅₀)

CYP2C9
85.1 μM (IC₅₀)

All NF-κB Isoforms :

NF-κB

NF-κB1/p50

RelA/p65

RelB

c-Rel

All COX Isoforms :

COX

COX-1

COX-2

COX-3

All Calcium Channel Isoforms :

N-type calcium channel

L-type calcium channel

P/Q-type calcium channel

T-type calcium channel

Calcium Channel

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms :

CYP1

CYP2

CYP3

CYP4

CYP11

CYP17

Aromatase/CYP19A1

CYP26

CYP51

CYP1A2

CYP2D6

CYP2C9

CYP2C19

CYP3A

CYP3A4

CYP17A1

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite}

In Vitro

Ginsenoside Rd is one of the most abundant ingredients of Panax ginseng. Ginsenoside Rd significantly inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC₅₀ of 12.05±0.82 in HepG2 cells. Ginsenoside Rd also inhibits expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA and iNOS promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. To determine nontoxic concentrations, HepG2 cells are treated with various concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) of compounds (e.g., Ginsenoside Rd) and cell viability is measured using an MTS assay. No compounds are significantly cytotoxic at up to 10 μM, indicating that NF-κB inhibition is not due to cell toxicity^[1]. Ginsenoside Rd is one of the most abundant ingredients of Panax ginseng, protects the heart via multiple mechanisms including the inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx. Ginsenoside Rd reduces I_Ca,L peak amplitude in a concentration-dependent manner (IC₅₀=32.4±7.1 μM)^[2]. Ginsenoside Rd exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes with an IC₅₀ of 58.0±4.5 μM, a weak inhibition against the activity of CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes with IC₅₀s of 78.4±5.3, 81.7±2.6, and 85.1±9.1, respectively, and an even weaker inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with an IC₅₀ value of more than 100 μM^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Ginsenosides Rd is a major compound isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum that holistically improves gut microenvironment and induces anti-polyposis in Apc^Min/+ mice. Six-weeks-old mice are subjected to Ginsenoside Rd treatment, before the appearance of the intestinal polyps. All the mice are monitored for food intake, water consumption, and weight changes. Throughout the experiment, no Rb3/ Ginsenoside Rd-associated weight loss in mice is observed. In addition, none of the treated mice show variations in food and water consumption. Whereas, the number and size of the polyps are effectively reduced by Ginsenoside Rd treatments^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 52705-93-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 947.15
Formula C₄₈H₈₂O₁₈
Color White to off-white
SMILES

C[C@](CC/C=C(C)/C)([C@]1([H])[C@]([C@H](O)C[C@@]2([H])[C@@]3(C)CC[C@]4([H])[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](O[C@]5([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O[C@]6([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]6O)C4(C)C)([H])[C@@]3(C)CC1)O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O
Synonyms

Gypenoside VIII
Structure Classification
- Terpenoids
- Triterpenes
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (1)

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Journal Impact Factor

Br J Pharmacol

The plant extract PNS mitigates atherosclerosis via promoting Nrf2-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis through reducing USP2-mediated Keap1 deubiquitination. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;181(23):4822-4844. PMID: 39228119

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (105.58 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.0558 mL

5.2790 mL

10.5580 mL

5 mM

0.2112 mL

1.0558 mL

2.1116 mL

10 mM

0.1056 mL

0.5279 mL

1.0558 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.64 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[1]

An MTS assay is used to analyze the effects of the compounds on cell viability. HepG2 cells are cultured overnight in a 96-well plate (1×10⁴ cells/well). Cell viability is assessed after adding the compounds (e.g., Ginsenoside Rd; 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) for 24 h. The number of viable cells is determined by the A490nm of the dissolved formazan product, after addition of MTS for 30 min^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[3]

Mice^[3]
Heterozygous male Apc^Min/+ (C57BL/6J-Apc^Min/+) mice are used. Total 32 male Apc^Min/+ mice (aged 6 weeks) are divided into three groups; 10 mice in the control group and 22 mice equally divided for Rb3 and Rd treatments. The mice are daily gavage with a single dose of Ginsenoside Rb3 or Ginsenoside Rd at 20 mg/kg, or solvent control. The treatments are carried out for 8 consecutive weeks.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (299 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Song SB, et al. Inhibition of TNF-α-mediated NF-κB Transcriptional Activity in HepG2 Cells by Dammarane-type Saponins from Panax ginseng Leaves. J Ginseng Res. 2012 Apr;36(2):146-52. [Content Brief]

[2]. Liu Y, et al. Ginsenoside metabolites, rather than naturally occurring ginsenosides, lead to inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Jun;91(2):356-64. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lu C, et al. Inhibition of L-type Ca²⁺ current by ginsenoside Rd in rat ventricular myocytes. J Ginseng Res. 2015 Apr;39(2):169-77. [Content Brief]

[4]. Huang G, et al. Ginsenosides Rb3 and Rd reduce polyps formation while reinstate the dysbiotic gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment in Apc^Min/+ mice. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 2;7(1):12552. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.0558 mL	5.2790 mL	10.5580 mL	26.3950 mL
	5 mM	0.2112 mL	1.0558 mL	2.1116 mL	5.2790 mL
	10 mM	0.1056 mL	0.5279 mL	1.0558 mL	2.6395 mL
	15 mM	0.0704 mL	0.3519 mL	0.7039 mL	1.7597 mL
	20 mM	0.0528 mL	0.2639 mL	0.5279 mL	1.3197 mL
	25 mM	0.0422 mL	0.2112 mL	0.4223 mL	1.0558 mL
	30 mM	0.0352 mL	0.1760 mL	0.3519 mL	0.8798 mL
	40 mM	0.0264 mL	0.1320 mL	0.2639 mL	0.6599 mL
	50 mM	0.0211 mL	0.1056 mL	0.2112 mL	0.5279 mL
	60 mM	0.0176 mL	0.0880 mL	0.1760 mL	0.4399 mL
	80 mM	0.0132 mL	0.0660 mL	0.1320 mL	0.3299 mL
	100 mM	0.0106 mL	0.0528 mL	0.1056 mL	0.2639 mL

Keywords

Ginsenoside Rd

1 Cited Publications

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Ginsenoside Rd

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Ginsenoside Rd

All NF-κB Isoforms

All COX Isoforms

All Calcium Channel Isoforms

All Cytochrome P450 Isoforms