Carphephorus corymbosus (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone is a potent and selective TrkB agonist that mimics the physiological actions of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Displays therapeutic efficacy toward various neurological diseases.

Saikosaponin D is a triterpene saponin isolated from Bupleurum, with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-allergic activities; Saikosaponin D inhibits selectin, STAT3 and NF-kB and activates estrogen receptor-β.

Saikosaponin A is the main active ingredient in Bupleurum chinense, which can regulate lipid metabolism and promote cholesterol efflux in early atherosclerosis. In addition, Saikosaponin A may also serve as a potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, significantly promoting the expression of PPAR-γ. Saikosaponin A can be used in the study of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.

Saikosaponin B2 is an antiviral and anticancer agent that regulates multiple transporters (such as various solute carriers and ATP-binding cassette transporters including MRP1, MRP2, and OCT2). Saikosaponin B2 is isolated from the plant glycoside component of the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium. Saikosaponin B2 enhances the liver targeting of anticancer drugs via vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri. Saikosaponin B2 inhibits HCV entry, replication, and translation, is effective against Daclatasvir (HY-10466)-resistant strains, and exerts a synergistic effect when used in combination with Daclatasvir. Saikosaponin B2 is commonly used in studies related to hepatocellular carcinoma and HCV infection.

Aurantiamide is a non-covalent, orally active, blood-brain-permeable GRPR selective antagonist with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Aurantiamide reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in renal tissue by inhibiting GRPR-mediated renal necrosis pathways (such as RIPK3/MLKL signaling) and NF-κB inflammatory pathways, exerting anti-acute kidney injury and endothelial function activities. Aurantiamide also inhibits the M1 polarization of microglia and inhibits NLRP3 activation, thereby improving AD mouse models. Aurantiamide has in vivo inhibitory efficacy in acute kidney injury models such as ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and hypertension models.

Ajugalactone is a phytoecdysteroid found in plants of the Ajuga genus. Ajugalactone shows both ecdysone (HY-N0179) agonist activity and anti‑ponasterone A (HY-N1534) antagonist activity. Ajugalactone significantly disrupts insect molting and developmental processes. Ajugalactone acts as an insect growth regulator that interferes with insect molting. Ajugalactone induces complete mortality in first‑instar larvae of the greenhouse whitefly. Ajugalactone can be used for research on insect‑plant interactions and insect growth regulation.

Scoulerine ((-)-Scoulerine; Discretamine) hydrochloride is a multi-target inhibitor with anti-tumor and antioxidant activities. Scoulerine hydrochloride mainly targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis and α1D-adrenergic receptor, disrupts microtubule structure, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Scoulerine hydrochloride effectively inhibits mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, targets GABA receptors and BACE1, and suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell properties of cancer cells. Scoulerine hydrochloride also exhibits multiple pharmacological activities including anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antibacterial, antiemetic and antitussive effects, and regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial function (modulates Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c). Scoulerine hydrochloride is applicable to research related to leukemia, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer.

Prosaikogenin G, isolated from the roots of Bupleurum chinensis DC., exhibits significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Prosaikogenin G has protective action on the kidney. Prosaikogenin G is a derivative of Saikosaponin d in the gastrointestinal tract.

Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside is a typical flavonoid monoglucoside, which is an anti-inflammatory agent and an antihypertensive with orally active. Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside is a commonly used food adjuvant. Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside inhibits human intestinal maltase and human HMG-CoA reductase with K_i of 1.8 mM and 9.8 μM, respectively. Hesperetin 7-O-glucoside has antibacterial activity and can regulate intestinal flora and metabolic homeostasis in mice.

Saikosaponin C is an orally active MMP-2 inducer. Saikosaponin C induces the survival, growth, migration and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells. Saikosaponin C inhibits the early stage of hepatitis C virus infection. Saikosaponin C can be used in research related to ischemic tissue diseases, chronic kidney diseases and hepatitis C virus infection.

Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol. Lupeol acetate is an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-trypanosomic and anticancer agent with oral activity. Lupeol acetate significantly improves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast production. Lupeol acetate inhibits spermatogenesis in male rats and eventually led to infertility.

Saikosaponin F is a component found in Bupleurum (B.) falcatum L.

Prosaikogenin F is a monoglycoside with anticancer and hemolytic properties.

Saikosaponin B1 is a bioactive constituent of Radix Bupleuri. Saikosaponin B1 is an agonist of the 5-HT_2C receptor with an EC₅₀ of 147.41 μM. Saikosaponin B1 inhibits the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by targeting the transmembrane protein SMO. Sailosaponin B1 can reduce liver fibrosis. Saikosaponin B1 has anti-cancer activities thus can be studies in research for cancers such as Medulloblastoma (MB).

Prosaikogenin D, isolated from the roots of Buleurum bicaule Helm (Apiaceae), has anti-cancer activity.

Saikogenin F exhibits anti-cancer activity.

Saikosaponin B4 is a member of saikosaponins isolated from the roots of Bupleurum chinensis, selectively inhibits ACTH-induced lipolysis.

Saikosaponin E is a saikosaponin isolated from Bupleurum chinensis.

4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone is a natural chalcone derivatives in the red herbal resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. 4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone displays a wide range of biological activities including antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal activity.

Saikogenin D is isolated from?Bupleurum chinense, has anti-inflammatory effects. Saikogenin D activates epoxygenases that converts arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosanoids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and the metabolites secondarily inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Saikogenin D results in an elevation of [Ca²⁺]i due to Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores.