Campanulaceae

Platycodin D is a saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorus, acts as an activator of AMPKα, with anti-obesity property. WNT/β-catenin pathway mediates the anti-adipogenic effect of platycodin D.

Lobeline (α-Lobeline) hydrochloride is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline hydrochloride increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline hydrochloride is effective in smoking cessation.

Lobetyolin, a bioactive compound, is derived from Codonopsis pilosula. Lobetyolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibiting activities. Lobetyolin also induces the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism. Lobetyolin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Platycodin D3 is a triterpenoid saponin that can be found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D3 exhibits multiple activities including anti-inflammation, regulation of airway mucus secretion, improvement of asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling, and inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. The IC₅₀ value of Platycodin D3 against HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is 8 μg/mL. Platycodin D3 can be used in studies related to asthma, hepatitis C virus infection and inflammatory diseases.

Deapi-platycodin D3 is a triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum.

Pilosulyne D is a polyyne found in the roots of Codonopsis pilosula.

(Z)-8-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxycinnamic acid is a phenolic glycoside present in the roots of Codonopsis javanica. (Z)-8-β-D-Glucopyranosyloxycinnamic acid exhibits no toxicity against lung cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer cell lines.

Platycodin D2 is an orally active triterpenoid saponin found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D2 induces mitophagy in cancer cells through NIX, thereby activating the P21/CyclinA2 pathway and promoting cell senescence. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, enhances autophagy, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-tumor activity against multiple cancer cell types. Platycodin D2 promotes mRNA expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, enhances splenocyte proliferation, and acts as a vaccine adjuvant with low rabbit red blood cell hemolytic activity. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial ROS production, incomplete autophagy, and ferroptosis to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Platycodin D2 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and immunology.

Polygalacin D (PGD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum with anticancer and anti-proliferative properties. PGD suppresses the expression of the IAP family of proteins including survivin, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and blocks the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK3β, Akt and the expression of PI3K. Polygalacin D induces apoptosis

Methyl stearate, isolated from Rheum palmatum L. is a compopent of of soybean and rapeseed biodiesels.

D-(+)-Melezitose can be used to identify clinical isolates of indole-positive and indole-negative Klebsiella spp.

Platycoside E is a platycodigenin-type saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum with haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential. Platycoside E promotes the production of the sera OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody in the ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice.

Deapioplatycodin D is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum, with anti-HCV activity.

Lobelanine (8,10-Diphenyllobelidione) is a chemical precursor for the biosynthesis of Lobeline. Lobeline is a partial nicotinic agonist and is used as a smoking cessation agent.

Tangshenoside I, isolated from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata, exhibits weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro with an IC₅₀ of 1.4 mM.

Platyconic Acid A is an active component of changkil saponins from platycodon grandiflorum and can be used for the research of reducing airway inflammation.

Platycodin A is monoacetylated saponin compound isolated fromhe roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC..

Platycoside G1, a natural product found in Platycodon grandiflorum, is a triterpenoid saponin. Platycoside G1 has potent antioxidant activities.

(3β)-3-Hydroxyoleanan-12-one (compound 23) is a natural product that can be found in Codonopsis ovata.