Moraceae

Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is a biological folic acid and is generally administered along with Methotrexate (HY-14519) as a rescue agent to decrease MTX-induced toxicity.

Kuromanin chloride (Chrysontemin) is derived from mulberry leaves and has the effect of increasing blood sugar concentration and maintaining lipid metabolism balance to reduce obesity. Kuromanin chloride can inhibit CD38 enzymatic activities.

Xanthohumol is one of the principal flavonoids isolated from hops, the inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT), COX-1 and COX-2, and shows anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities. Xanthohumol also has antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), rhinovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Isovitexin is a flavonoid isolated from passion flower, Cannabis and, and the palm, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities; Isovitexin acts like a JNK1/2 inhibitor and inhibits the activation of NF-κB.

Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-Caffeoylquinic acid) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid compound with oral effectiveness, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cardiac hypertrophy effects. Alleviating LPS (HY-D1056) and ISO (HY-B0468) by regulating proinflammatory factor expression, inhibiting NF-κB activity, promoting Nrf2 nuclear transfer, and regulating PI3Kα/Akt/ mTOR / HIF-1α signaling pathway Induced physiological stress response.

Ficus pumila fruits polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Ficus pumila fruits.

Isatis indigotica leaves polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Isatis indigotica leaves.

Cannabis sativa extract is an extract isolated fromCannabis sativa.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (Duvoglustat) is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus. 1-Deoxynojirimycin possesses antihyperglycemic, anti-obesity, and antiviral features.

(E)-β-Farnesene (trans-β-Farnesene) is an aphid alarm pheromone, which can be found in Phlomis aurea Decne essential oil. (E)-β-Farnesene shows good binding score with a value of -30.64 kcal/mol to the CDK2 receptor. (E)-β-Farnesene also exhibits good affinity to odorant-binding protein 3 (OBP3). (E)-β-Farnesene can be used as a feeding stimulant for the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Hexadecanamide (Palmitamide) is a fatty acid amide that has orally active anti-allergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Hexadecanamide exerts protective effects in Staphylococcus aureus- and SARA-induced mastitis. Hexadecanamide suppresses S. aureus-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and improves blood-milk barrier integrity. Hexadecanamide activates PPARα. Hexadecanamide enhances sperm motility in vitro. Hexadecanamide can be studied in research for mastitis and asthenozoospermia.

Moracin M is a phenolic component that can be isolated from Mori Cortex, is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. Moracin M has anti-inflammatory activity.

Mulberroside A is one of the main bioactive constituent in mulberry (Morus alba L.). Mulberroside A decreases the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibits the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, exhibiting anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. Mulberroside A shows inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC₅₀ of 53.6 μM.

Norartocarpetin is a tyrosinase inhibitor. Norartocarpetin has strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.47 μM. Norartocarpetin as an antibrowning agent can be used for the research of food systems. Norartocarpetin also has a significant anticancer activity in lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H460) with an IC₅₀ value of 22 μM. Norartocarpetin has antiproliferative effects are mediated via targeting Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling pathway, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, S-phase cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell migration and invasion in human lung carcinoma cells.

Isoxanthohumol is an orally active flavonoid compound. Isoxanthohumol has biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, and inhibition of adipogenesis. Isoxanthohumol can induce apoptosis, autophagy, and migration of tumor cells. Isoxanthohumol is active against viruses such as HSV, BVDV, CMV, and Rhino. Isoxanthohumol can be used for the research of tumors, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases.

Moracin N is a benzofuran compound. At low concentrations, Moracin N activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, downregulates the expression of FTH1 and ACSL4, enhances glutathione synthesis, and inhibits neuronal ferroptosis. At high concentrations, Moracin N induces ROS accumulation, activates mitochondrial apoptosis, and triggers autophagy-mediated cell death by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moracin N can be used in research related to non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and ischemic brain injury.

Moracin C, a natural product, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Moracin C inhibits LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from cells.

Humulone (α-Lupulic acid), a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative, is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Humulone acts as a positive modulator of GABA_A receptor at low micromolar concentrations. Humulone is an inhibitor of bone resorption. Humulone possesses antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and apoptosis-inducing properties.

Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

β-Amyrin acetate is a triterpenoid with potent anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic activities. β-Amyrin acetate can inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity by locating in the hydrophobic binding cleft of HMG CoA reductase.