2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-127145
    Parsalmide
    		Inhibitor
    Parsalmide is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and gastroprotective agent, with an IC50 of 9.92 μM against COX-1 and 155 μM against COX-2. Parsalmide prevents gastric injury and reduces edema. Parsalmide can be used in the research of arthritis.
    Parsalmide
  • HY-181926
    COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 (Compound 11e) is a dual COX-2 and HDAC6 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.12 μM against HDAC6 and an IC50 of 0.66 μM against COX-2. COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 enhances the acetylation level of α-tubulin, regulates epigenetic gene expression, and inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α). COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 promotes Amyloid-β clearance and reduces excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein. COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 maintains neuronal morphology by stabilizing MAP2, protects synaptic integrity by regulating synapsin, and restores the expression of memory-related genes. COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 possesses neuroprotective activity and improves learning and memory abilities in Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse models. COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1 is applicable to research related to Alzheimer's disease.
    COX-2/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-N1380S2
    Guaiacol-13C6
    Guaiacol-13C6 is the 13C labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-147912
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-2 (compound 5f) is a potent PI3K inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.78 nM. COX-2/PI3K-IN-2 is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with Ki value of 3.02 nM. COX-2/PI3K-IN-2 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
    COX-2/PI3K-IN-2
  • HY-177643
    Lixadesiran
    		Inhibitor
    Lixadesiran is a siRNA in STP705. It targets to COX-2. STP705 is composed of 2 siRNA oligonucleotides (Pixofisiran and Lixadesiran) that individually target TGF-β1 and COX-2 mRNA.
    Lixadesiran
  • HY-N3231
    Murraol
    		Inhibitor
    Murraol (CM-c2), a coumarin, can be isolated from the leaves of Madagascar pine cork (Apiaceae). Murraol has cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase inhibitory properties and has an inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells.
    Murraol
  • HY-181612
    COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1 is an orally active and selective dual COX-2/CaV2.2 inhibitor, exhibiting a COX-2 IC50 of 0.26 μM and a CaV2.2 IC50 of 0.29 μM. COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1 suppresses inflammatory responses and inflammatory mediator (IL-6, TNF-α, NO) production. COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1 produces pronounced analgesic effects in diverse models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and visceral pain. COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1 can be used for the research of chronic pain.
    COX-2/CaV2.2-IN-1
  • HY-N3364
    Lucidone
    		Inhibitor
    Lucidone, an anti-inflammatory agent that can be isolated from the fruit of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. Lucidone inhibits LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Lucidone also decreases TNF-α secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression. Lucidone prevents NF-κB translocation and inhibits JNK and p38MAPK signals. Lucidone also has inhibitory activity against Dengue virus (DENV) (EC50=25 μM).
    Lucidone
  • HY-N7064R
    Iminostilbene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Iminostilbene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iminostilbene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iminostilbene is a a chemical precursor of carbamazepine.
    Iminostilbene (Standard)
  • HY-156254
    COX-2-IN-35
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-35 (compound 7) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.37 nM. COX-2-IN-35 has anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-35
  • HY-N16881
    Andrographidine E
    		Inhibitor
    Andrographidine E is a COX-2 (IC50 = 19 μM) and HDAC inhibitor, with high affinity for HDAC1 and HDAC3. Andrographidine E can specifically bind to macrophages and has potential immunotargeting properties. Andrographidine E can be used for studying inflammation.
    Andrographidine E
  • HY-B0714R
    Dexketoprofen (trometamol) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Dexketoprofen (trometamol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dexketoprofen (trometamol). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dexketoprofen trometamol (Dexketoprofen tromethamine salt) is an orally active non-selective COX inhibitor. Dexketoprofen trometamol has a pain-relieving effect.
    Dexketoprofen (trometamol) (Standard)
  • HY-123309
    Tilnoprofenic acid
    		Inhibitor
    Tilnoprofenic acid (Y-9223) is a Y-23023 metabolite, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor. Tilnoprofenic acid inhibits IL-6 production. Tilnoprofenic acid can be used in the research of blood disorders.
    Tilnoprofenic acid
  • HY-159158
    COX-1/2-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-8 (compound 11f) is an orally active and potent inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 2.14 and 0.58 µM, respectively. COX-1/2-IN-8 displays a higher significant anti-inflammatory activity than Celecoxib (HY-14398).
    COX-1/2-IN-8
  • HY-N2435R
    [8]-Shogaol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    -Shogaol (Standard) is the analytical standard of -Shogaol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. -Shogaol, a kind of stimulating compound in ginger, has antiplatelet (IC50=5 μM), anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. -Shogaol inhibited COX-2 (IC50=17.5 μM), which led to the decline of human leukemia cells. 8-Shogaol Selective direction TAK1 sum TAK1-TAB1 (IC50=5 μM), suppress IKK, Akt sum MAPK signal pathway, and reverse synovitis synovial sum Air dampness (RA).
    [8]-Shogaol (Standard)
  • HY-N0735R
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phellodendrine chloride (HY-N0735). Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes autophagy by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
    Phellodendrine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-155160
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-3 (compound 5k) is a dual inhibitor of COX-2/15-LOX with IC50s of 0.075 μM and 1.97 μM, respectively. COX-2/15-LOX-IN-3 can inhibit LPS-induced cell production of promoting cytokines (IL-6, ROS, and NO), with specific anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2/15-LOX-IN-3
  • HY-135731AS
    4-Methylamino antipyrine-d3 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    4-Methylamino antipyrine-d3 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled 4-Methylamino antipyrine (hydrochloride). 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic agent and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.
    4-Methylamino antipyrine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-148224
    Pifoxime
    		Inhibitor
    Pifoxime is a COX-1/2 inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). Pifoxime shows anti-inflammatory activity, and can be used in neuropsychiatric research.
    Pifoxime
  • HY-126027
    (+)-3-Carene
    		Control
    (+)-3-Carene, a bicyclic monoterpene, is one of the major components of the pine tree essential oils. (+)-3-Carene is a (+)-enantiomer of 3-Carene (HY-N6663).
    (+)-3-Carene
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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