2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-78131S1
    Ibuprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory agent targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-156253
    Anticancer agent 166
    		Inhibitor
    Anticancer agent 166 (compound 3) is an anticancer agent with an excellent inhibition activity against Caco-2 (IC50 = 9.6 nM).
    Anticancer agent 166
  • HY-180522
    4F-PMPH
    		Inhibitor
    4F-PMPH is a COX-II inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. 4F-PMPH binds to the active site of COX-II by forming key interactions with residues such as Val102, Tyr341, and Leu338.
    4F-PMPH
  • HY-N3848
    Ermanin
    		Inhibitor 99.47%
    Ermanin is a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Ermanin potently inhibits iNOS, COX-2 activities, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Ermanin has anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous and anti-viral/bacterial properties.
    Ermanin
  • HY-119348
    Nitroparacetamol
    		Inhibitor
    Nitroparacetamol (NCX-701) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NO-NSAID). Nitroparacetamol is formed by the ester linkage of Acetaminophen (HY-66005) and Nitrooxybutyroyl, aiming to combine the analgesic advantage of Acetaminophen with the organ-protective effect of nitric oxide, while expanding its anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic spectrum of Nitroparacetamol is broader, and it is effective for painful pathological pain, and significantly reduces hepatotoxicity. Nitroparacetamol can reduce the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS.
    Nitroparacetamol
  • HY-111274
    Indomethacin farnesil
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin farnesil is an orally active proagent of Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.
    Indomethacin farnesil
  • HY-14654C
    Aspirin calcium
    		Inhibitor
    Aspirin calcium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin calcium induces apoptosis. Aspirin calcium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin calcium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin calcium
  • HY-15029R
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Naproxen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Naproxen ((Rac)-Naproxen) is a racemate of Naproxen (HY-15030). Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively.
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard)
  • HY-17479
    Amfenac
    Amfenac (AHR 5850) is an orally active and potent anti-inflammatory compound possessing antipyretic and analgesic properties. Amfenac can be used for the research of acute and chronic inflammation.
    Amfenac
  • HY-128463S
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14 is the deuterium labeled N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d<sub>14</sub>
  • HY-107320
    Amtolmetin guacil
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Amtolmetin guacil is an effective nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory agent with pain-relieving effects. Amtolmetin guacil inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX). Amtolmetin guacil can stimulate capsaicin receptors present on the gastrointestinal wall and also releases gastroprotective nitric oxide (NO). Amtolmetin guacil can be used to research knee osteoarthritis.
    Amtolmetin guacil
  • HY-144773A
    Loxoprofenol-SRS tromethamine
    		Inhibitor
    Loxoprofenol-SRS tromethamine (HR1405-01), an active metabolite of Loxoprofen, is a Safe intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with superior anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
    Loxoprofenol-SRS tromethamine
  • HY-121357
    Lefucoxib
    		Inhibitor
    Lefucoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Lefucoxib can be used in the research of diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Lefucoxib
  • HY-147693
    COX-1/2-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    COX-1/2-IN-3 (Compound 7a) is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-15 shows anti-inflammatory activity with low toxicity.
    COX-1/2-IN-3
  • HY-115742
    (Rac)-γ-Tocopherol
    		Inhibitor
    (Rac)-γ-Tocopherol (DMPBQ) is a Vitamin E isoform, which is converted by tocopherol cyclase to γ-Tcopherol.
    (Rac)-γ-Tocopherol
  • HY-17509S
    Deracoxib-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Deracoxib-d3 (SC 046-d3; SC 59046-d3) is the deuterium labeled Deracoxib (HY-17509). Deracoxib, an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, is a veterinary nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used exclusively in dogs. Deracoxib inhibits the COX-2 enzyme to reduce the production of prostaglandins, effectively controlling pain and inflammation after canine soft tissue surgery. Deracoxib reduces the inhibition of COX-1 and lowers the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Deracoxib induces tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and shows anti-tumor activity in canine osteosarcoma, breast tumors and bladder transitional cell carcinomas.
    Deracoxib-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B1227S
    Carprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Carprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Carprofen. Carprofen is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a multi-target FAAH/COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 3.9 μM, 22.3 μM and 78.6 μM for COX-2, COX-1 and FAAH, respectively.
    Carprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W995241
    BPD
    		Inhibitor
    BPD is a COX-2 and TAK1-NF-κB inhibitor, with an IC50 of 18.5 μM for COX-2. BPD inhibits the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β at the transcriptional level. BPD has anti-inflammatory activity. BPD can inhibit Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and LPS-induced septic death.
    BPD
  • HY-N10375
    Kuwanon T
    		Inhibitor
    Kuwanon T is an isoprenylated flavonoid compound isolated from the root bark of Morus alba. Kuwanon T shows protective effects on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress with a EC50 of 30.32 μM.
    Kuwanon T
  • HY-10582S2
    Flurbiprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Flurbiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Flurbiprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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