EGFR/ErbB1/HER1 Inhibitor

Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a covalent, orally active, irreversible, and mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor with an apparent IC₅₀ of 12 nM against L858R and 1 nM against L858R/T790M, respectively. Osimertinib overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.

Cetuximab (C225) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with a K_d of 0.201 nM for EGFR by SPR. Cetuximab has potent antitumor activity.

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective and orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 33 nM. Gefitinib selectively inhibits EGF-stimulated tumor cell growth (IC₅₀ of 54 nM) and that blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells. Gefitinib also induces autophagy and cell apoptosis, which can be used for cancer related research, such as Lung cancer and breast cancer .

Erlotinib (CP-358774) is a selective, orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Erlotinib also acts as a substrate and inhibitor of OATP2B1, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 0.079 μM for inhibiting OATP2B1-mediated uptake of estrone 3-sulfate. Erlotinib blocks EGFR phosphorylation, downstream signal transduction, as well as the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Erlotinib inhibits MMP-10-mediated renal injury, fibrotic lesions, the ERK1/2, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways, fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen deposition, and renal injury markers. Erlotinib is metabolized via CYP3A to produce the active metabolite OSI-420. Erlotinib can be used in research related to non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, renal fibrosis, and other conditions.

Afatinib (BIBW 2992) is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC₅₀ values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFR^wt, EGFR^L858R, EGFR^L858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer.

BL-B01D1 (Izalontamab Brengitecan) is a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting EGFR and HER3, formed by conjugating the EGFR/HER3 bispecific antibody Izalontamab (HY-P99676) to a novel TOP-I inhibitor payload Deruxtecan 2-hydroxypropanamide (HY-153891) via a cleavable linker (Mc-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly). BL-B01D1 binds to EGFR and HER3 on the surface of tumor cells, mediates endocytosis and releases the payload, inhibits topoisomerase I, blocks DNA replication and RNA synthesis, and disrupts DNA structure. BL-B01D1 induces cell cycle S-phase arrest, apoptosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and tumor cell death. BL-B01D1 can be used for cancer research.

Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

Lapatinib (GW572016) is a potent, orally active inhibitor of the ErbB-2 and EGFR tyrosine kinase domains with IC₅₀ values against purified EGFR and ErbB-2 of 10.2 and 9.8 nM, respectively.

AG490 (Tyrphostin AG490) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits EGFR, Stat-3 and JAK2/3.

Neratinib (HKI-272) is an orally available, irreversible, highly selective HER2 and EGFR inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 59 nM and 92 nM, respectively.

Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) is a specific and irreversible inhibitor of the ERBB family of kinases with IC₅₀s of 6 nM, 45.7 nM and 73.7 nM for EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB4, respectively.

AG-1478 (Tyrphostin AG-1478) is a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 3 nM. AG-1478 has antiviral effects against HCV and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV).

Osimertinib mesylate (AZD9291 mesylate) is a covalent, orally active, irreversible, and mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor with an apparent IC₅₀ of 12 nM against L858R and 1 nM against L858R/T790M. Osimertinib overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.

Lazertinib (YH25448; GNS-1480) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as well as an ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor and a TRPA1 activator. Lazertinib exhibits IC₅₀ values of 0.4 mM and 0.2 mM against human ABCB1 and ABCG2, respectively. By inhibiting mutant EGFR signaling, EGFR phosphorylation and the downstream ERK/AKT pathway, as well as upregulating surface expression of EGFR/MET, Lazertinib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, spontaneous calcium responses, hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and TRPA1-dependent pain-like behaviors. Lazertinib competitively binds to the substrate-binding sites of ABCB1/ABCG2, stimulates their ATPase activity without altering their expression or plasma membrane localization, thereby enhancing ADCC activity, acting as a chemosensitizer, and reversing ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. It exerts antitumor activity as a single agent or in combination with other drugs. Lazertinib is applicable to research related to non-small cell lung cancer, multidrug-resistant cancers, and paresthesia.

Erlotinib (CP-358774) Hydrochloride is a selective, orally active EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Erlotinib Hydrochloride also acts as a substrate and inhibitor of OATP2B1, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 0.079 μM for inhibiting OATP2B1-mediated uptake of estrone 3-sulfate. Erlotinib Hydrochloride blocks EGFR phosphorylation, downstream signal transduction, as well as the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Erlotinib Hydrochloride inhibits MMP-10-mediated renal injury, fibrotic lesions, the ERK1/2, GSK-3β and β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as the deposition of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen and renal injury markers. Erlotinib Hydrochloride is metabolized via CYP3A to produce the active metabolite OSI-420. Erlotinib Hydrochloride can be used in research related to non-small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma, EGFR inhibitor resistance and renal fibrosis.

Afatinib (BIBW 2992) dimaleate is an orally active, potent and irreversible dual specificity inhibitor of ErbB family (EGFR and HER2), with IC₅₀ values of 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 10 nM and 14 nM for EGFR^wt, EGFR^L858R, EGFR^L858R/T790M and HER2, respectively. Afatinib dimaleate can be used for the research of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and gastric cancer.

Sapitinib (AZD-8931) is a reversible, ATP competitive EGFR inhibitor of with IC₅₀s of 4, 3 and 4 nM for EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 in cells, respectively.

Chrysophanol (Chrysophanic acid) is a natural anthraquinone, which inhibits EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppresses activation of AKT and mTOR/p70S6K.

Firmonertinib (Alflutinib; Furmonertinib) is an orally active, mutant-selective, and highly brain penetrant EGFR inhibitor. Firmonertinib inhibits EGFR active mutations as well as the T790M acquired resistant mutation. Firmonertinib has the potential for the research of cancer diseases, especially advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR ex20ins mutation.

Butein is a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 10.4 μM for PDE4. Butein is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 16 and 65 μM for EGFR and p60^c-src in HepG2 cells. Butein sensitizes HeLa cells to Cisplatin through AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways by targeting FoxO3a. Butein is a SIRT1 activator (STAC).