Vitamin K4
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Vitamin K4 is a chemically synthesized Vitamin K which plays an important role in the normal blood coagulation system. Vitamin K4 arrests the cells in S phase and induces apoptosis. Vitamin K4 can be used for the research of cancer, such as prostate cancer and osteosarcoma.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.96%
- CAS No.: 573-20-6
- Formula: C15H14O4
- Molecular Weight:258.27
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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MethylcobalaminVitamin B12 -
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Folic acidB complex -
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Menaquinone 9Endogenous Metabolite
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Vitamin K4 (0-100 μM, 24 h) inhibits cell proliferation in PC-3 cells (IC50= 20.94 μM)[1].
Vitamin K4 (0-40 μM, 24 h) induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest in PC-3 cells[1].
Vitamin K4 (0-100 μM, 24 h) inhibits the growth of U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50= 25 μM)[2].
Vitamin K4 (0-35 μM, 24 h) induces apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest in U2OS cells[2].
Vitamin K4 (0-35 μM, 24 h) increases ROS generation and disrupts the MMP in U2OS cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:U2OS cells
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Concentration:0-25 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited the migration of U2OS cells in vitro.
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Cell Line:PC-3 cells
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Concentration:0-40 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Decreased the expression of Bcl-2.
Increased the expression of Bax, PARP, and cleaved-caspase-3.
Released cytochrome c.
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Cell Line:U2OS cells
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Concentration:0-35 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Increased the protein expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 573-20-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 258.27
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Formula C15H14O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CC1=CC(OC(C)=O)=C2C=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)=O
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Synonyms
Acetomenaphthone
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (387.19 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.68 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.68 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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EdU Incorporation Assay (Click Chemistry-Based DNA Synthesis Measurement)
The EdU incorporation assay measures DNA synthesis by adding the thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine to cells or tissues, where it is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during S phase. Incorporated EdU is detected by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, in which a fluorescent azide covalently reacts with the ethynyl group on EdU, allowing S-phase cells to be detected by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or high-content imaging. EdU detection does not require DNA denaturation or anti-BrdU antibody access, which preserves sample structure and improves compatibility with immunostaining and multiparameter cytometry compared with BrdU-based detection. EdU can be cytotoxic in a cell-type- and exposure-dependent manner, so pulse duration, concentration, and continuous-labeling designs should be validated for each cell type.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining
Flow cytometric DNA-content cell-cycle staining measures the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound fluorochromes in single cells or nuclei to estimate DNA content distributions, allowing assignment of populations to G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases by DNA histogram deconvolution. Propidium iodide (PI) intercalates into DNA, and PI fluorescence is proportional to cellular DNA content when staining is performed under conditions that make DNA accessible and minimize non-DNA signal. Cells with G2/M DNA content are expected to show approximately twice the fluorescence intensity of G0/G1 cells, while S-phase cells occupy intermediate fluorescence values. PI-based DNA-content analysis can also detect cells with fractional DNA content, often reported as sub-G1, when DNA fragmentation and extraction during staining reduce retained DNA signal in apoptotic cells. DAPI is an alternative DNA fluorochrome for univariate DNA-content analysis, while bivariate approaches combining DNA content with proliferation
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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BrdU Incorporation Assay
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay is based on the principle that BrdU, a thymidine analog, is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, thereby serving as a marker of DNA replication and cellular proliferation. Incorporated BrdU can be detected using anti-BrdU antibodies following DNA denaturation, enabling visualization or quantification of proliferating cells through immunochemical detection methods such as immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Protocol for Cell Cycle
Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry measures DNA content in single cells to estimate the fraction of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases. Propidium iodide intercalates into DNA, and after RNA removal with RNase, fluorescence intensity reflects cellular DNA content: 2N cells are assigned to G0/G1, cells between 2N and 4N to S phase, and 4N cells to G2/M. DNA-content analysis alone cannot reliably separate G0 from G1 or G2 from M. Ki-67 can distinguish quiescent G0 cells from cycling cells, EdU or BrdU incorporation marks active DNA synthesis in S phase, and phospho-histone H3 staining identifies mitotic cells within the 4N population.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (477 KB)
- English - EN (477 KB)
- Français - FR (477 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (477 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (477 KB)
- Español - ES (477 KB)
- Swedish - SV (477 KB)
- Italian - IT (477 KB)
- Korean - KR (477 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (477 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Jiang Y, et al. Vitamin K4 induces tumor cytotoxicity in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells via the mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Pharmazie. 2013 Jun;68(6):442-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Di W, et al. Vitamin K4 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of U2OS osteosarcoma cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Jan;15(1):277-284. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.8719 mL | 19.3596 mL | 38.7192 mL | 96.7979 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7744 mL | 3.8719 mL | 7.7438 mL | 19.3596 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3872 mL | 1.9360 mL | 3.8719 mL | 9.6798 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2581 mL | 1.2906 mL | 2.5813 mL | 6.4532 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1936 mL | 0.9680 mL | 1.9360 mL | 4.8399 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1549 mL | 0.7744 mL | 1.5488 mL | 3.8719 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1291 mL | 0.6453 mL | 1.2906 mL | 3.2266 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0968 mL | 0.4840 mL | 0.9680 mL | 2.4199 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0774 mL | 0.3872 mL | 0.7744 mL | 1.9360 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0645 mL | 0.3227 mL | 0.6453 mL | 1.6133 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0484 mL | 0.2420 mL | 0.4840 mL | 1.2100 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0387 mL | 0.1936 mL | 0.3872 mL | 0.9680 mL |
Vitamin K4 Related Classifications
HY-B1508 Related Classifications
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