AFM-30a hydrochloride
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
AFM-30a hydrochloride is a potent protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) inhibitor and has excellent PAD2-selectivity. AFM-30a hydrochloride binds to PAD2 with an EC50 value of 9.5 μM. AFM-30a hydrochloride also inhibits H3 citrullination with an EC50 value of 0.4 μM. AFM-30a hydrochloride can be used for the research of certain cancers and a variety of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis, lupus, and ulcerative colitis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.99%
- Formula: C24H28ClFN6O3
- Molecular Weight:502.97
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) AFM-30a hydrochloride
More
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
EC50: 9.5 μM (PAD2); 0.4 μM (H3 citrullination)[1]
In Vitro
AFM-30a hydrochloride (compound 30a; 25 μM) has good potency to enter HEK293T/PAD2 cells and covalent modify PAD2 with an EC50 of 9.5 μM[1].
AFM-30a hydrochloride shows good ability to inhibit H3 citrullination with an EC50 of 0.4 μM[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:HEK293T/PAD2 cells
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Concentration:Various concentrations
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Exhibited low cytotoxicity for cells.
In Vivo
Chemical Information
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 502.97
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Formula C24H28ClFN6O3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(C1=C2C(NCC2=CC=C1)=O)N[C@H](C3=NC4=C(N3C)C=CC=C4OC)CCCNC(CF)=N.[H]Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Immunity
Astrocytic calcium-dependent enzyme PAD2 governs microglia activity to exacerbate amyloid pathology via citrullinated vimentin. [Abstract]2026 Jun 9;59(6):1579-1598.e9. PMID: 41962542
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (99.41 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (99.41 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.97 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.97 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocols
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Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an autoimmune murine model of rheumatoid arthritis in which immunization with type II collagen (CII) emulsified in an adjuvant induces a T cell- and autoantibody-driven inflammatory arthritis characterized by synovial hyperplasia, immune cell infiltration, and joint destruction. The model typically relies on genetically susceptible mouse strains (e. g. , DBA/1) and reproduces key features of human rheumatoid arthritis, including anti-collagen immune responses and progressive joint inflammation. Disease onset generally occurs within ~3-4 weeks after immunization, depending on antigen/adjuvant combinations and protocol variation. The immunopathology is driven by adaptive immune activation against CII, leading to systemic and local joint inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and effector immune cells, making CIA a standard preclinical platform for evaluating immunomodulatory and anti-arthritic interventions.
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DSS-Induced Colitis
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is generated by administering DSS in mouse drinking water, producing epithelial injury, barrier disruption, weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, colon shortening, histologic mucosal damage, and inflammatory mediator changes; the model is mainly used to study acute or chronic intestinal inflammation resembling selected features of ulcerative colitis. DSS injury is interpreted through clinical and tissue readouts rather than a single molecular endpoint: daily body weight, stool consistency, and bleeding are combined into a disease activity index, while colon length, histology, cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal permeability, and tight-junction markers provide complementary measures of inflammation and barrier damage.
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TNBS-Induced Colitis
TNBS-induced colitis is produced by intrarectal delivery of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in ethanol, where ethanol disrupts the mucosal barrier and TNBS haptenates colonic proteins, generating immune-mediated colonic inflammation with weight loss, diarrhea, ulceration, transmural injury, inflammatory-cell infiltration, and cytokine responses. The model is used as an experimental intestinal inflammation model with Crohn’s disease–like features, especially when Th1-type responses, IL-12–dependent inflammation, chronic relapsing inflammation, or fibrosis-related endpoints are studied.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 1.9882 mL | 9.9410 mL | 19.8819 mL | 49.7048 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3976 mL | 1.9882 mL | 3.9764 mL | 9.9410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1988 mL | 0.9941 mL | 1.9882 mL | 4.9705 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1325 mL | 0.6627 mL | 1.3255 mL | 3.3137 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0994 mL | 0.4970 mL | 0.9941 mL | 2.4852 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0795 mL | 0.3976 mL | 0.7953 mL | 1.9882 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0663 mL | 0.3314 mL | 0.6627 mL | 1.6568 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0497 mL | 0.2485 mL | 0.4970 mL | 1.2426 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0398 mL | 0.1988 mL | 0.3976 mL | 0.9941 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0331 mL | 0.1657 mL | 0.3314 mL | 0.8284 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0249 mL | 0.1243 mL | 0.2485 mL | 0.6213 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
AFM-30a hydrochloride Related Classifications
HY-125099A Related Classifications
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