ACE/CD143

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and inactivates bradykinin, placing it centrally in blood pressure control. A somatic isoform resides on pulmonary endothelium, and a germ-cell-specific isoform arises from an alternative promoter in testis. Its two homologous extracellular domains each carry a catalytic site with distinct substrate preferences. ACE inhibitors are cornerstone antihypertensives, and ACE gene insertion-deletion polymorphisms influence enzyme levels and cardiovascular risk. Recombinant ACE is used in enzymatic assays, inhibitor testing and renin-angiotensin system research. Serum ACE activity derives from the endothelial isoform and is monitored in sarcoidosis.