Protease Substrate

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-α-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for α-mannosidase resulting in a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

3-Acetylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for β-glucosidase and can be used as a positive control substrates for β-D-glucosidase.

4-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl decanoate is a fluorogenic substrate used to follow the hydrolytic activity of carboxylesterases.

5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a chromogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity. 5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate yields a blue precipitate when cleaved.

DABCYL-Glu-Arg-Nle-Phe-Leu-Ser-Phe-Pro-EDANS is a fluorescent dye, and can be applied in a fluorogenic substrate for an aspartyl proteinase from human malaria parasite.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-cellotrioside, a chromogenic substrate for β-glycosidases, is a cellulose fluorescent derivative.

X-GalNAc is a chromogenic substrate for for N-acetyl-β-galactosidase, used to determine the presence or absence of a cloned DNA insert in bacteria growing on agar plates.

N-Butylfluorescein is an alkyl-substituted fluorescein, can be used for synthesis of fluorogenic substrates for assaying phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.

Glut-Phe-AMC is a fluorescent dye.

6,7-Diethoxy-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorogenic substrate and is also a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris.

TFMU-ADPr is a selective reporter substrate of SARS-CoV-2 Macro1 (IC₅₀=0.59 μM), with an excitation wavelength (λ_Ex) of 385 nm, and an emission wavelength (λ_Em) of 502 nm (or 495 nm). TFMU-ADPr can also undergo enzymatic hydrolysis with Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG) sourced from human, Tetrahymena thermophila and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 from human to release fluorophores, thereby directly reporting total poly (ADP-ribose) hydrolase activity. TFMU-ADPr binds to the ADPr-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Macro1, and its TFMU moiety inserts into the narrow hydrophobic groove of this protein. TFMU-ADPr can thus be used to evaluate small-molecule inhibitors targeting PAR hydrolases under in vitro conditions, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes, or to detect PAR hydrolase activity in whole-cell lysate assays. TFMU-ADPr is also applicable to COVID-19-related research.

Fluorescein Di-β-D-Glucopyranoside is a specific β-glucocerebrosidase substrate that can be used for the intralysosomal β-galactosidase.

EDANS sodium is a potent fluorogenic substrates. EDANS sodium is a donor for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates. EDANS sodium is often paired with DABCYL or DABSYL. The optimal absorbance and emission wavelengths of EDANS sodium are λ_abs = 336 nm and λ_em = 490 nm respectively.

FITC-C6-LEHD-FMK, a fluorescently labeled caspase-9 inhibitor, can be used for detection of active caspase-9 in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. FITC-C6-LEHD-FMK provides a convenient means for sensitive detection of activated caspase-9 in living cells. Z-LEHD-FMK is a specific caspase-9 inhibitor.

RH 421 is a voltage-sensitive styryl dye that can penetrate through the lipid bilayers. RH 421 is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.

D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA is a known proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) substrate that emits blue fluorescence. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA may be transported into liver cancer cells and Caco-2 cells based on fluorescence analysis. D-Ala-Lys-AMCA TFA can be used for characterizing PEPT1-specific substrates or inhibitors (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm).

Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (solution) (ε-NAD (solution)) is a fluorescent analog of NAD. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be cleaved by phosphodiesterase I (from C. adamanteus venom) and binds to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can serve as a substrate for G-ADP ribosylation of G proteins catalyzed by bacterial toxins. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be used as a fluorescent substrate for the study of ADP ribosylation reactions.
Solvent and concentration: ddH2O: 20 mM

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (CNP-α-D-Glucopyaoside) as a chromogenic substrate for the enzymatic activity assay of the enzyme that releases CNP from conjugated carbohydrates.

2,6-Dibromo-4-(chloroimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone (NSC 528) is a colorimetric dye used for the detection of phenolic compounds. 2,6-Dibromo-4-(chloroimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone reacts with phenolic compounds at a pH of about 9.4 to produce an indigo dye. 2,6-Dibromo-4-(chloroimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone has been used as a Gibbs reagent for the colorimetric detection of phenolic compounds. 2,6-Dibromo-4-(chloroimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dienone has also been used in a colorimetric reaction for the quantitative colorimetric detection of aflatoxins, turning the colorless aflatoxins green with an absorption band at 673 nm.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside (p-Nitopheyl β-D-cellotetaoside) is a small molecule cellulose mimetic consisting of a tetramer of D-glucose units linked by β-1-4 glycosidic bonds. The fragmentation pattern of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside after enzymatic hydrolysis can be analyzed by TLC or by the release of 4-nitrophenol, which has a strong absorbance at 395 nm in alkaline solutions. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside can be used in cellulose degradation studies to determine the specificity of cellulases.