Proteins Analysis

4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)azobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate is a chromophoric, hydrophobic reagent for probing membrane-buried segments of intrinsic proteins.

1-Methylpyrene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and rodent carcinogen. Its mutagenic activity depends on sequential activation by various CYP and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. 1-Methylpyrene induces chromosome loss and mitotic disturbance, proba

Chromotrope 2R can be used as a chromogenic analytical probe for the quantification of proteins. Basic proteins stained red and the peak wavelength red shifts from 501.6 nm to 567 nm.

Kdn probe-1 is a fluorescent Kdn probe and reveals the localization of AfS in vesicles at the cell surface.

Kbz probe 1 serves as a versatile probe for interrogating histone benzoylation and interactions in living cells.

Serum CG probe 2 (formula (15)) is a compound for determining serum cholyglycine.

Serum CG probe 1 (formula (9)) is a compound for determining serum cholyglycine.

GA-PEG5-bromide is a probe used for molecular labeling.

Seph-PAO is the modified PAO attached a sepharose fluorophore and is used to detect the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).

NEP (VDP-green (NEP)) is a turn-on fluorescent probe based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism for sensing vicinal dithiol-containing proteins (VDPs). NEP exhibits high selectivity toward VDPs in live cells and in vivo and displays a strong green fluorescence signal (λ_ex/λ_em=430/535 nm). NEP has the potential for parkinsonism.

PAO-Nap is the modified PAO attached a naphthalimide fluorophore using aminocaproic acid as a linker. PAO induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells by selectively targeting thioredoxin reductase.

1-Palmitoyl-2-[3-(diphenylhexatriene)propanoyl]-sn-phosphatidylcholine is a fluorescent probe with a polar phosphatidylethanolamine head group for the determination of surface lipid oxidation in lipoproteins and plasma.

MB 660R NHS Ester is a fluroescent agent with a terminal NHS ester group.MB 660R NHS Ester is a far-red fluorescent dye that has a maximal absorption of 665 nm and emission at 690 nm. The NHS ester can be applied to label the primary amines (-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules.

5-TAMRA cadaverine can used to modify carboxylic acid group in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or DCC) or activated esters (e.g. NHS esters) through a stable amide bond. It also can be reversibly coupled to aldehydes and ketones to form a Schiff base – which can be reduced to a generate stable amine derivative by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNH3). Although the mixed isomers of 5(6)-TAMRA cadaverine is a preferred, routinely used orange-fluorescent dye for staining proteins, it is rearly used for labeling peptides and nucleotides. Purification of 5(6)-TAMRA labeled peptide and nucleotides might be troublesome due to significant signal broadening in HPLC purification. Peptides and nucleotides labeled with a single isomer TAMRA usually give better resolution in HPLC purification that is often required in the conjugation processes.

BP Fluor 405 NHS Ester is a water-soluble, blue-fluorescent dye that is often used in multi-color applications, including flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy using STORM. Its excitation is ideally suited for the 407 nm spectral line of the krypton laser or the 408 nm violet laser diode. BP Fluor 405 conjugates are pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10. The NHS ester (or succinimidyl ester) is the most popular amine reactive group for labeling with the primary amines of proteins (Lys), amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. Proteins can be labeled with BP Fluor 405 NHS Ester at high molar ratios without significant self-quenching, leading to brighter conjugates and more sensitive detection. BP Fluor 405 conjugates can also be used for the detection of abundance targets.

BP Fluor 430 NHS Ester is a water-soluble, green-fluorescent dye that is often used in multi-color applications, including flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy using STORM. Its excitation is ideally suited for the 407 nm spectral line of the krypton laser or the 408 nm violet laser diode. BP Fluor 405 conjugates are pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10. The NHS ester (or succinimidyl ester) is the most popular amine reactive group for labeling the primary amines of proteins (Lys), amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. Proteins can be labeled with BP Fluor 430 NHS Ester at high molar ratios without significant self-quenching, leading to brighter conjugates and more sensitive detection.

BP Fluor 405 Cadaverine is a carbonyl-reactive building block used to modify carboxylic groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC or DCC) or activated esters (e.g. NHS esters) through a stable amide bond. Another common application for BP Fluor 405 Cadaverine is cell fixing by treatment with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. BP Fluor 405 is a water-soluble, blue-fluorescent dye that is often used in multi-color applications, including flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy using STORM. Its excitation is ideally suited for the 407 nm spectral line of the krypton laser or the 408 nm violet laser diode.

Difluorocarboxyfluorescein cadaverine, 5-isomer is a carbonyl reactive building block used to modify carboxylic groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or DCC) or activated esters (e.g. NHS esters) through a stable amide bond.

BP Fluor 532 maleimide is a photostable, bright yellow-fluorescent dye with pH insensitive emission from pH 4 to pH 10. The excitation of BP Fluor 532 is ideally suited for the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser line. BP Fluor 532 dye can be conjugated to a variety of antibodies, peptides, proteins, tracers, and amplification substrates, and is often used for the generation of stable signals in imaging and flow cytometry. Maleimide is the most popular sulfhydryl-reactive group for conjugating the dye to a thiol group on a protein, oligonucleotide thiophosphate, or low molecular weight ligand. The maleimide group specifically and efficiently reacts with reduced thiols (sulfhydryl groups, –SH) at pH 6.5 to 7.5 to form a stable thioether bond. The resulting conjugates exhibit brighter fluorescence and greater photostability than the conjugates of many other spectrally similar fluorophores.

Cyanine3B azide for click chemistry conjugation with terminal alkynes via a copper-catalyzed click reaction or strained cyclooctynes via a copper-free click reaction. Cyanine3B is a yellow-emitting cyanine dye that is an improved version of the Cyanine3 fluorophore with significantly higher fluorescence quantum yield and photostability. Due to the fixed conformation, Cyanine3B has the highest emission quantum yield compared to other dyes of this wavelength. This is a non-sulfonated dye that requires an organic co-solvent (DMF, DMSO, or other) for efficient labeling in water.