Fludioxonil
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Fludioxonil (CGA-173506) is a phenylpyrrole-type fungicide with oral activity that can inhibit the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Fludioxonil promotes tumor growth and metastasis, and induces cardiac toxicity. Fludioxonil causes cytoskeletal disruption, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mouse glioma cells.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 131341-86-1
- Formula: C12H6F2N2O2
- Molecular Weight:248.19
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Fludioxonil with EC50 of Fludioxonil for HA61, NT18 and SZ45 are 0.0039, 0.0118 and 0.018 lg/mL[1].
Fludioxonil has a strong inhibitory effect on hyphal growth[1].
Fludioxonil (10 nM-10 μM, 9 days) promots the proliferation of MCF-7 CV cells[2].
Fludioxonil (10 μM, 72 h) reduces the expression of p21 and E-cadherin proteins in MCF-7 CV cells[2].
Fludioxonil (10 μM, 72 h) promotes the migration of MCF-7 CV cells[2].
Fludioxonil inhibits F98 cells with an IC50 of 40μM[3].
Fludioxonil (10-40 μM, 24 h) increases ROS levels in F98 cells and induces lipid peroxidation and cell cycle arrest[3].
Fludioxonil (10-40 μM, 24 h) treatment induces DNA fragmentation in F98 cells[3].
Fludioxonil (10-40 μM, 24 h) treatment induces apoptosis in F98 cells[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:MCF-7 CV
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Concentration:10 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM
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Incubation Time:9 days
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Result:Promoted cell proliferation.
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Cell Line:MCF-7 CV
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:72 h
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Result:Reduced p21 expression and significantly increased protein expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin D1.
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Cell Line:MCF-7 CV
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:72 h
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Result:Enabled significant single-layer wound healing.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:MCF-7V-transplanted mice[2]
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Dosage:40 mg/kg; every 3 days; 80 days
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Administration:i.g.
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Result:Accelerated tumor growth in vivo, and the expression of PCNA in animal tumor tissues also significantly increased.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 131341-86-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 248.19
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Formula C12H6F2N2O2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N#CC1=CNC=C1C2=C3OC(F)(F)OC3=CC=C2
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Synonyms
CGA-173506
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 200 mg/mL (805.83 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX)
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are generated by engrafting primary human tumor tissue directly into immunodeficient mice, allowing in vivo propagation of patient tumor biology without initial in vitro adaptation. These models are used to preserve key histopathological and molecular characteristics of the original tumor and enable assessment of tumor growth dynamics and therapeutic response in a living organism. The biological readout is tumor engraftment and subsequent growth in the murine host, which reflects the ability of human tumor cells to survive, vascularize, and expand in an immunocompromised microenvironment.
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Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX)
Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) modeling implants fresh patient tumor tissue or patient-derived tumor cells into the anatomically corresponding organ or tissue site of immunodeficient mice, usually by surgical orthotopic implantation, to preserve patient tumor histology, local microenvironmental context, invasion, metastatic behavior, and treatment-response features better than subcutaneous implantation. PDOX readouts include tumor engraftment, orthotopic tumor growth, local invasion, metastasis, recurrence after resection, histologic similarity to the donor tumor, biomarker retention, molecular concordance, survival, and response or resistance to therapy. PDOX models are used for preclinical drug testing and individualized therapy evaluation, but engraftment success varies by tumor type and specimen quality.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Subcutaneous Cell-Line-Derived Xenograft
Subcutaneous cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models are established by implanting cultured human cancer cell lines into immunodeficient mice, where the injected cells form localized tumors that can be monitored in vivo as a measure of tumorigenic potential, growth kinetics, and treatment response. These models are widely used in oncology research because they allow reproducible tumor formation and enable comparative assessment of tumor growth between different cell lines or genetic manipulations in a controlled in vivo microenvironment. Subcutaneous implantation of cancer cells in immunodeficient mice is a standard approach for evaluating tumor growth behavior and therapeutic response across multiple cancer types, including prostate, esophageal, pancreatic, and colon cancer models.
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Orthotopic Cell-Line Xenograft
Orthotopic cell-line xenograft models involve implantation of human cancer cell lines into the anatomically corresponding organ of immunodeficient mice to reproduce tumor growth within a native microenvironment, enabling more clinically relevant tumor behavior compared with subcutaneous models. These models are widely used because orthotopic placement better recapitulates tumor progression, including invasion and metastatic spread, which are often underrepresented in heterotopic implantation systems. Compared with conventional xenografts, orthotopic implantation is described as more technically complex but provides improved simulation of tumor-microenvironment interactions and metastatic behavior, making it particularly valuable for translational oncology research. Surgical orthotopic implantation approaches have been emphasized as enabling faithful reproduction of clinical cancer features, including metastasis and disease progression patterns that align with the tumor’s organ of origi
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Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity Study
The bacterial reverse mutation assay detects point mutations that restore amino-acid prototrophy in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains; after exposure to a test article, mutagenic activity is read out as an increased number of revertant colonies on minimal agar compared with the vehicle control. The assay uses tester strains with different mutation targets so that base-substitution and frameshift mutagens can be detected, and testing is performed with and without exogenous mammalian metabolic activation because some chemicals require biotransformation to become mutagenic.
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Phalloidin F-actin cytoskeleton staining
Phalloidin F-actin staining detects polymerized filamentous actin in fixed and permeabilized specimens by using fluorescent phalloidin or phalloidin-derived phallotoxins that bind actin filaments and generate a fluorescence microscopy readout corresponding to F-actin organization, including stress fibers, cortical actin, filament bundles, and tissue-specific actin networks. Phalloidin stabilizes F-actin by reducing actin subunit dissociation from filament ends, and fluorescent phallotoxins were established as tools for visualizing actin-containing structures in eukaryotic cells.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (281 KB)
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SDS (459 KB)
- English - EN (459 KB)
- Français - FR (459 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (459 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (459 KB)
- Español - ES (459 KB)
- Swedish - SV (459 KB)
- Italian - IT (459 KB)
- Korean - KR (459 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (459 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[2]. Ryeo-Eun Go, et al. Fludioxonil induced the cancer growth and metastasis via altering epithelial-mesenchymal transition via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway in cellular and xenografted breast cancer models. Environ Toxicol. 2017 Apr;32(4):1439-1454. [Content Brief]
[3]. Imen Graiet, et al. Fludioxonil, a phenylpyrrol pesticide, induces Cytoskeleton disruption, DNA damage and apoptosis via oxidative stress on rat glioma cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Dec:170:113464. [Content Brief]
[4]. Su-Min Seong, et al. Fludioxonil induces cardiotoxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in two cardiomyocyte models. Environ Toxicol. 2024 May;39(5):2993-3002. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.0292 mL | 20.1459 mL | 40.2917 mL | 100.7293 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8058 mL | 4.0292 mL | 8.0583 mL | 20.1459 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4029 mL | 2.0146 mL | 4.0292 mL | 10.0729 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2686 mL | 1.3431 mL | 2.6861 mL | 6.7153 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2015 mL | 1.0073 mL | 2.0146 mL | 5.0365 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1612 mL | 0.8058 mL | 1.6117 mL | 4.0292 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1343 mL | 0.6715 mL | 1.3431 mL | 3.3576 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1007 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.0073 mL | 2.5182 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0806 mL | 0.4029 mL | 0.8058 mL | 2.0146 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0672 mL | 0.3358 mL | 0.6715 mL | 1.6788 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0504 mL | 0.2518 mL | 0.5036 mL | 1.2591 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0403 mL | 0.2015 mL | 0.4029 mL | 1.0073 mL |
Fludioxonil Related Classifications
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