AmmTX3
AmmTX3 is a peptide toxin identified from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus. AmmTX3 is a highly specific blocker of Kv4 channels, which selectively and almost completely blocks transient A-type K+ currents with a Ki of 131 nM. AmmTX3 induces epileptiform behaviors and causes death in mice receiving intracerebroventricular injection. AmmTX3 increases the excitability of dentate gyrus granule cells, reduces GABAergic inhibition, enhances and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation, and impairs reference memory. AmmTX3 can be used in research related to pain, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder.
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- Fòrmula: C158H262N50O48S6
- Peso molecular:3822.47
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Almacenamiento:
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Actividad biológica
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Chemical Information
- Pureza y Documentación
- Referencias
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Help & FAQs
Actividad biológica
Kv4 channel[2]
AmmTX3 (1 h) binds with high affinity to a specific site on rat brain synaptosomes, fully displacing 125I-labelled sBmTX3 with a Ki of 19.5 pM, and exhibits a Kd of 66 pM for its own binding site[1].
AmmTX3 (0.1 nM-10 μM) potently blocks the A-type K+ current in primary striatal neurons in culture, with a Ki of 131 nM, and its inhibitory effect is reversible[1].
AmmTX3 (0.5 μM) potently blocks Kv4.2 channel currents in CHO-K1 cells co-expressed with DPP6S (with or without KChIP1), but only weakly blocks Kv4.2 + KChIP1 currents, demonstrating DPP6S confers high AmmTX3 sensitivity to Kv4.2 channels[3].
AmmTX3 (0.5 μM) potently blocks Kv4.3 channel currents in CHO-K1 cells co-expressed with DPP10a, but only weakly blocks Kv4.3 + KChIP1 currents, demonstrating DPP10a confers high AmmTX3 sensitivity to Kv4.3 channels[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
AmmTX3 (0.75 mg; i.c.v.; single injection) increases and stabilizes the EPSP-spike component of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus from 90 minutes post-high-frequency stimulation, with no effect on basal synaptic transmission or short-term plasticity[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Sprague Dawley (male, 280-400 g)[2]
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Dosage:0.75 mg
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Administration:i.c.v.; single injection
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Result:Showed no significant differences in reference or working memory errors when injected 30 minutes before session 2.
Significantly increased reference memory errors in sessions 2 and 3, delayed learning by 1 day, and significantly increased total turns and 45° turns in sessions 2, 3, and 4 when injected immediately after session 1.
Significantly increased reference memory errors in session 4 when injected immediately after session 3.
Showed no significant differences in reference or working memory errors when injected immediately after session 5.
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Animal Model:Sprague Dawley (male, 280-400 g)[2]
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Dosage:0.75 mg
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Administration:i.c.v.; single injection
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Result:Showed no significant differences in basal transmission (input-output curves, baseline field EPSP slope, population spike amplitude) or short-term plasticity (paired-pulse ratio) compared to vehicle group.
Increased field EPSP slope by 16.1% post-stimulation, remaining above baseline for 30 minutes, with no significant difference from vehicle group at any post-stimulation time point.
Maintained population spike amplitude above baseline for the full 4-hour recording period, while vehicle group's amplitude steadily decreased; significant difference between groups emerged 90 minutes post-induction.
Chemical Information
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Peso molecular 3822.47
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Fòrmula C158H262N50O48S6
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Sequence
{Glp}-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asn-Lys-Lys-Cys-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Cys-Ala-Ser-Val-Cys-Arg-Lys-Val-Ile-Gly-Val-Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Cys-Ile-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys-Val-Cys-Tyr-Pro (Disulfide bridge:Cys8-Cys28,Cys13-Cys33,Cys17-Cys35)
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Sequence Shortening
{Glp}-IETNKKCQGGSCASVCRKVIGVAAGKCINGRCVCYP (Disulfide bridge:Cys8-Cys28,Cys13-Cys33,Cys17-Cys35)
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Pureza y Documentación
Referencias
[1]. Vacher H, et al. Expanding the scorpion toxin alpha-KTX 15 family with AmmTX3 from Androctonus mauretanicus. Eur J Biochem. 2002;269(24):6037-6041. [Content Brief]
[2]. Truchet B, et al. Kv4 potassium channels modulate hippocampal EPSP-spike potentiation and spatial memory in rats. Learn Mem. 2012;19(7):282-293. Published 2012 Jun 14. [Content Brief]
[3]. Maffie JK, et al. Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like-proteins confer high sensitivity to the scorpion toxin AmmTX3 to Kv4-mediated A-type K+ channels. J Physiol. 2013;591(10):2419-2427. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
AmmTX3 Related Classifications
HY-P1426 Related Classifications
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