Vitamins

11-cis-Retinoic Acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Retinoic acid. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha[1][2].

Calcitriol-¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Calcitriol. Calcitriol is the most active metabolite of vitamin D and also a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist.

Secalciferol-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Secalciferol. Secalciferol is a metabolite of Vitamin D, a possibly anti-inflammatory steroid which is involved in bone ossification.

Menaquinone 4-d₇ 2,3-Epoxide is the deuterium labeled Menaquinone 4 2,3-Epoxide.

DL-alpha-Tocopherol-¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled DL-alpha-Tocopherol. DL-alpha-Tocopherol is a synthetic vitamin E, with antioxidation effect. DL-alpha-Tocopherol protects human skin fibroblasts against the cytotoxic effect of UVB.

Menaquinone-7-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Menaquinone-7. Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2-7), belongs to a class of K2-vitamin homologs, is originally discovered as the anti-hemorrhagic factors. Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2-7) is identified as the most bioactive cofactor for the carboxylation reaction of Gla-proteins . Supplementation with Menaquinone-7 (Vitamin K2-7) is a pharmacological option for activating matrix Gla protein and intervening in the progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS).

rel-Biotin-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Biotin. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.

24,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D2-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 24,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D2.

β-Tocopherol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled β-Tocopherol. β-Tocopherol is an analogue of vitamin E, exhibits antioxidant properties. β-Tocopherol can inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. β-Tocopherol can also prevent the inhibition of cell growth and of PKC activity caused by d-alpha-tocopherol.