BMP-11/GDF-11
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 11 (BMP-11; GDF11), also known as growth/differentiation factor 11, is a ligand protein with pleiotropic, belongs to TGFβ family. GDF-11/BMP-11 signals through activin receptors type II, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type I, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3[1]. GDF-11/BMP-11 is highly similar with growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), and exhibits more potent activator of SMAD2/3 and signals more effectively through the type I activin-like receptor kinase receptors ALK4/5/7 than GDF8. Furthermore, signaling by GDF-11/BMP-11 is controlled by extracellular protein antagonists, including FS, FSTL3, GASP1, and GASP2[1]. GDF-11/BMP-11 plays pivotal roles during development, including anterior/posterior patterning, formation of the kidney, stomach, spleen and endocrine pancreas. In the embryo, GDF-11/BMP-11 also shows strong expression is seen in the palatal epithelia, including the medial edge epithelial and midline epithelial seam of the palatal shelves. Less pronounced expression is also seen throughout the palatal shelf and tongue mesenchyme[2]. GDF-11/BMP-11 is lately found expressing in the adult central nervous system (CNS)[2], is an important regulator of CNS formation and fate[3]. In the aged brain, exogenous, peripherally delivered GDF-11/BMP-11 may enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as improve neuropathological outcomes. Exogenously increasing circulating GDF-11/BMP-11 concentrations may be a viable approach for improving deleterious aspects of brain aging and neuropathology[3].
- [1]. Walker RG, et al. Structural basis for potency differences between GDF8 and GDF11. BMC Biol. 2017 Mar 3;15(1):19. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Cox TC, et al. Mutations in GDF11 and the extracellular antagonist, Follistatin, as a likely cause of Mendelian forms of orofacial clefting in humans. Hum Mutat. 2019 Oct;40(10):1813-1825. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Schafer MJ, et al. The influence of GDF11 on brain fate and function. Geroscience. 2019 Feb;41(1):1-11. [Content Brief]
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BMP-11/GDF-11 Recombinant Proteins (2)
- Species:
- Source:
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Recombinant Protein Expression Service
- Codon Optimization
- Gene Synthesis
- Construction of Expression Vector
- Strain Screening
- Protein Expression
- Purification & QC
- Protein Delivery
- Formula: Human
- Molecular Weight: Sf9 insect cells
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived EpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
