GRK5/GPRK5

GRK5 belongs to the GRK4 subfamily and is widely expressed in heart, lung, retina and brain, where it regulates agonist-activated receptors such as beta-adrenergic, muscarinic M2, angiotensin II and opioid receptors. It contains a calmodulin-binding site and a bipartite nuclear localisation signal, allowing calcium-calmodulin to inhibit its membrane-associated activity and driving GRK5 into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates histone deacetylase 5 and influences hypertrophic gene expression. GRK5 also binds tubulin and actin and displays weak DNA-dependent kinase activity. Reduced GRK5 function has been associated with Alzheimer disease models, cardiac hypertrophy and a heart-failure-linked haplotype.