IL-1 Receptor Accessory Proteins

Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) (EC:3.2.2.6), also known as IL-1 R3, belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. It contains three Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic domain named Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), which has been implicated in signal transduction. IL-1RAcP also contains a single transmembrane region. IL-1RAcP can be detected in liver, skin, placenta, thymus and lung. There are four isoforms of IL-1RAcP, the membranous form plays an important role in IL-1, IL-33, IL-36 signing, as well as FLT3 and C-Kit in AML cells. The isoform 2 and 3 are soluble forms, contribute to the regulation of the inflammation induced by IL-1. The isoform 4 is mainly expressed in CNS neurons. IL-1RAcP is an essential component of the IL-1 receptor and can be used for the research of inflammatory disorders. The sequence of amino acids in IL-1RAcP proteins from different species is relatively stable (over 85% identity between human, mouse and rat)[1][2].