Vasculoprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde against VSMCs Proliferation and ECs Inflammation

  • PLoS One. 2016 Mar 22;11(3):e0149394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149394.
Byung Soo Kong  1  2 ,  Soo Jung Im  1  2 ,  Yang Jong Lee  1  2 ,  Yoon Hee Cho  2 ,  Yu Ri Do  2 ,  Jung Woo Byun  1  2 ,  Cheol Ryong Ku  2 ,  Eun Jig Lee  2
Affiliations
  • 1. Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2. Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
PMID: 27002821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149394
Abstract

3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA). From recent reports, PCA has shown vasculoprotective potency, but the effects of 3-HBA remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various animal models. We tested effects of 3-HBA in both vitro and vivo. 3-HBA showed that it prevents PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation from MTS, BrdU assays and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. It arrested S and G0/G1 phase of VSMC cell cycle in PI staining and it also showed inhibited expression levels of Rb1 and CD1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3-HBA inhibited inflammatory markers and signaling molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB and p-p38). For ex vivo, 3-HBA has shown dramatic effects in suppressing the sprouting from aortic ring of Spargue Dawley (SD) rats. In vivo data supported the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA as it inhibited angiogenesis from Matrigel Plug assay in C57BL6 mouse, prevented ADP-induced thrombus generation, increased blood circulation after formation of thrombus, and attenuated neointima formation induced by common carotid artery balloon injury of SD rats. 3-HBA, a novel therapeutic agent, has shown vasculoprotective potency in both in vitro and in vivo.

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