Specific discrimination and efficient elimination of gram-positive bacteria by an aggregation-induced emission-active ruthenium (II) photosensitizer

The infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria (G⁺) have seriously endangered public heath due to their high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a multifunctional system for selective recognition, imaging and efficient eradication of G⁺. Aggregation-induced emission Materials have shown great promise for microbial detection and antimicrobial therapy. In this paper, a multifunctional ruthenium (II) polypyridine complex Ru2 with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic, was developed and used for selective discrimination and efficient extermination of G⁺ from Other bacteria with unique selectivity. The selective G⁺ recognition benefited from the interaction between lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and Ru2. Accumulation of Ru2 on the G⁺ membrane turned on its AIE luminescence and allowed specific G⁺ staining. Meanwhile, Ru2 under light irradiation also possessed robust Antibacterial activity for G⁺in vitro and in vivo Antibacterial experiments. To the best of our knowledge, Ru2 is the first Ru-based AIEgen Photosensitizer for simultaneous dual applications of G⁺ detection and treatment, and inspires the development of promising Antibacterial agents in the future.