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AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, His)

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AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, His) is a recombinant cynomolgus AITRL (E74-S199) with C-terminal 6*His tag, which is expressed in HEK293.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Cynomolgus
  • Source: HEK293
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, His) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
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Use of MCE Products

Biological Activity

Description

AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1]. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1)[2]. AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, His) is a recombinant cynomolgus AITRL (E74-S199) with C-terminal 6*His tag, which is expressed in HEK293.

Background

GITRL (AITRL), a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). GITR, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is expressed in T cells, natural killer cells and some myeloid cells. And GITRL is mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells (B cells, dendritic cells), macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs)[1].
When GITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. The interaction stimulates proliferation and cytokine production of both CD4+ Teff and Treg cells, and drives antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells[3]. Besides, GITRL plays a role in EC-activation and promotes adhesion in both mice and humans, which increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the augmented expression of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1[2].
GITR/GITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases[1].

In Vitro

AITRL (human, 48 h) reduces the suppressive capacity of MDSCs on CD4+ T cells (MDSCs induced from healthy donors)[5].

Technical Parameters

  • Species Cynomolgus
  • Source HEK293
  • Tag C-6*His
  • Accession

    A0A2K5UCD9 (E74-S199)

  • Gene ID
    102140808  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • AITRL (E74-S199)
      Accession # A0A2K5UCD9
    • 6*His
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Extracellular Domain

  • Synonyms

    TNFSF18; Activation-Inducible TNF-Related Ligand; TNF Superfamily Member 18; GITRL; HGITRL; Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein Ligand; AITRL; Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Member 18; TL6; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand 2A; Tumor Necrosis Factor

  • AA Sequence

    ETAKEPCMAKFGPLPSKWQMASSQPPCVNKVSDWKLEILQNGLYLIYGQVAPNANYNDVAPFEVRLYKNKDMIQTLTNKSKIQNVGGTYELHVGDTIDLIFNSEYQVLKNNTYWGIILLANPQFIS

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    15.3 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 15-20 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Tian J, et al. The Role of GITR/GITRL Interaction in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 9;11:588682. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lacal PM, et al. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related ligand triggering upregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and promotes leukocyte adhesion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 Oct;347(1):164-72. [Content Brief]

[3]. Wang F, et al. Structures of mouse and human GITR-GITRL complexes reveal unique TNF superfamily interactions. Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 2;12(1):1378. [Content Brief]

[4]. Placke T, et al. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) protein and its ligand in antitumor immunity: functional role and therapeutic modulation. Clin Dev Immunol. 2010;2010:239083. [Content Brief]

[5]. Tian J, et al. Increased GITRL Impairs the Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Exacerbates Primary Sjögren Syndrome. J Immunol. 2019 Mar 15;202(6):1693-1703. [Content Brief]

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Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
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MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
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  • AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, His) Product Image