Fractalkine/CX3CL1 Protein, Mouse (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi)

Fractalkine/CX3CL1 protein functions as a versatile chemokine, serving as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA4:ITGB1. The CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling axis manifests distinct functions in various tissue compartments, including immune response modulation, inflammation regulation, cell adhesion, and chemotaxis. In the context of endothelial interactions, Fractalkine/CX3CL1 plays a pivotal role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes. Notably, it can activate integrins in a CX3CR1-dependent or CX3CR1-independent manner, binding to both the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and a distinct site (site 2) on integrins. In the presence of CX3CR1, it activates integrins directly through site 1, while in the absence of CX3CR1, it binds to site 2, enhancing the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1. Additionally, the soluble form of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 demonstrates chemotactic properties for T-cells and monocytes, albeit not for neutrophils.