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GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)

3 Cited Publications
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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli with a N-6*His tag.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Mouse
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)
  • GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity

Description

GM-CSF Protein is a hematopoietic growth factor and immunomodulator. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, GM-CSF Protein activates intracellular signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and function. GM-CSF Protein plays an important role in the hematopoietic process and the immune system. GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is a recombinant GM-CSF Protein expressed by E. coli with a N-6*His tag[1][2][3][4].

Background

GM-CSF is a cytokine secreted by various cells (such as T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, etc.), playing an important role in the immune system and hematopoietic process. GM-CSF can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells of granulocytes (such as neutrophils and eosinophils) and macrophages in the bone marrow, promoting the production of mature blood cells. GM-CSF can also activate mature granulocytes and macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic ability, bactericidal activity, and antigen-presenting function, and participating in innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, GM-CSF also has pro-inflammatory activity[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

GM-CSF Protein (25 ng/mL; 30 min-24 h) enhances glycolytic capacity in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, upregulates the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, -3, and -4, and induces the transcription and protein expression of c-Myc[5].

In Vivo

GM-CSF Protein (2-4 ng; aerosol inhalation; 4-5 weeks) improves pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice[6].

Verified Bioactivity

1.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using THP-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 9.304-24.86 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.023×107-1.075×108 units/mg.
2.Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Mouse GM-CSF at 5 μg/mL (100 μl/well) can bind Biotinylated Mouse GM-CSF R alpha. The ED50 for this effect is 0.01-0.156 μg/mL.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Mouse
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag N-6*His
  • Accession

    Q14AD9 (A18-K141)

  • Gene ID
    12981
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • 6*His
    • GM-CSF (A18-K141)
      Accession # Q14AD9
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    CSF2; Molgramostim; Colony Stimulating Factor 2; Molgramostin; GMCSF; CSF; Sargramostim; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF; Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor; Colony Stimulating Factor 2 (Granulocyte-Macrophage); Colo

  • AA Sequence

    APTRSPITVTRPWKHVEAIKEALNLLDDMPVTLNEEVEVVSNEFSFKKLTCVQTRLKIFEQGLRGNFTKLKGALNMTASYYQTYCPPTPETDCETQVTTYADFIDSLKTFLTDIPFECKKPVQK

  • Predicted Molecular Mass

    14.1 kDa

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder.

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, 200 mM arginine, pH 8.0.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.
Note: For SPR assay, please replace the buffer. Primary amine components (e.g., Tris, imidazole) can affect protein-coupled chips.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Shi Y, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell Res. 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33. [Content Brief]

[2]. Gasson JC, et al. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): regulation of expression. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;338:27-41. [Content Brief]

[3]. Gomez-Cambronero J, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a chemoattractant cytokine for human neutrophils: involvement of the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase signaling pathway. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 15;171(12):6846-55. [Content Brief]

[4]. Shiomi A, et al. GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen. 2016 Jul 5;36:8. [Content Brief]

[5]. Na YR, et al. GM-CSF Induces Inflammatory Macrophages by Regulating Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism. J Immunol. 2016 Nov 15;197(10):4101-4109. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600745IF: 3.6 Q2 . Epub 2016 Oct 14. Erratum in: J Immunol. 2017 Apr 1;198(7):3000. [Content Brief]

[6]. Reed J A, et al. Aerosolized GM-CSF ameliorates pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 1999, 276(4): L556-L563.

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Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
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100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 90%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cell proliferation assay using THP-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 9.304-24.86 pg/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 4.023×107-1.075×108 units/mg.

  • GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)
  • Experimental Validation Results for GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His)
  • GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) Product Image