GRHL2 Protein, Human (His, Strep)

GRHL2 is a transcription factor crucial for primary neurulation and epithelial development. It binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3', acting as either an activator or repressor for distinct target genes (By similarity). During embryogenesis, GRHL2 cooperates with GRHL3 to establish distinct zones of primary neurulation: essential for closure 3 (rostral forebrain), jointly regulates closure 2 (forebrain/midbrain boundary) and posterior neuropore closure with GRHL3 (By similarity). As a transcriptional activator of apical junctional complex components, GRHL2 upregulates CLDN3, CLDN4, and RAB25 to promote epithelial morphogenesis and CLDN4 localization at tight junctions (By similarity). It is a core component of the transcriptional machinery regulating CLDN4 and CDH1 expression across epithelia, exhibiting functional redundancy with GRHL3 in epidermal morphogenesis and wound repair (By similarity). In lung, GRHL2 forms a regulatory loop with NKX2-1 to coordinate epithelial morphogenesis and differentiation (By similarity). In keratinocytes, GRHL2 activates telomerase by binding the TERT promoter and inhibiting 5'-CpG island methylation (potentially via DNMT1 interference), while epigenetically suppressing epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) genes and GRHL1/GRHL3 to impair keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal function.